The article is a preliminary study of the musical history of the Duomo of Verona from the outset of the 1590s to 1630. This period of time, as for other institutions of the Po Valley, is of great interest because it allows us to examine the practices adopted by the Veronese Chapter during a time characterized by considerable change. The most illuminating information about these practices comes from the perspective of the vocal and instrumental staff active between 1590 and 1630 upon which the study focuses. By considering the developments of such it is made fully evident that the Chapel of the Duomo, although not able to boast a number of salaried musicians equal to that verifiable in other churches of Northern Italy (such as San Marco in Venice, San Petronio in Bologna, Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo, and Santa Maria della Steccata in Parma) aligned itself with the most advanced trends of the early Baroque. They attest to the stable presence of one or two violinists and the presence, although it is limited at the time, of a violone player. The dynamism of the staff, in particular, involves values that- perceptible at the very close of the sixteenth century-reach levels considerably high in the first two decades of the seventeenth century. After 1621 the indications are different. The Veronese chapel-more than other institutions of the Po Valley-shows signs of the turning point of 1619-1622 designated by historians as the beginning of the first generalized economic crisis of the seventeenth century. The contraction in the number of salaried musicians is the result of a phase of inexorable financial decline. The regimen for celebrating the most important feasts of the liturgical year was to engage guest musicians. This extraordinary employment of guest singers and players does not represent a novelty, since it was also proposed in preceding instances in order to accommodate the sumptuous Baroque polychoral music. Nevertheless, it prevailed as an obligatory means of overcoming the inadequacies of the stable staff on the most important annual feasts. Despite this regression, the musical activities at the Duomo of Verona individualized a model that also required careful consideration of the close correlation between the chapel and the acolyte schools (in this sphere the convergence with the channels of action adopted in Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo is undeniable). Finally, contacts with Northern Europe do not go unnoticed. The city of the Scaligeri, an important crossway on well-traveled routes, is placed as a significant point of reference for musicians on their way to Poland, Austria, and Germany. For the cappella musicale, this migratory influx represents an important occasion of comparison for similarly valuable experiences acquired in other locations. The attitude of Veronese institutions in overcoming the inertia of tradition, must be, in a certain measure, brought back to these impulses that-despite their extemporaneousness-appear decisive in unfolding the new paradigms of the Baroque sensibility.

Il saggio propone una ricognizione sulla vicenda musicale del duomo di Verona dagli inizi degli anni Novanta del ‘500 al 1630. Un arco temporale che – in assonanza con quanto si può rilevare in altre istituzioni padane – risulta di grande interesse poiché consente di cogliere le scelte di indirizzo adottate dal Capitolo veronese in una temperie caratterizzata da rilevanti mutamenti. In questa prospettiva, indicazioni illuminanti vengono dall’evoluzione degli organici vocali e strumentali che lo studio propone integralmente dal 1590 al 1630. Sulla scorta di tale evoluzione, risulta pienamente evidente che la cappella del duomo – pur non potendo vantare un numero di musici salariati pari a quello riscontrabile in altre chiese del Nord Italia (da San Marco a Venezia, a San Petronio a Bologna, a Santa Maria Maggiore a Bergamo, alla Steccata di Parma) – si allinea con gli orientamenti più avanzati del primo Barocco. Lo attestano la presenza stabile di uno o due violinisti e l’apporto, sia pure limitato nel tempo, di un suonatore di violone. La dinamica degli organici, in particolare, presenta valori che – apprezzabili nell’ultimo scorcio del secolo XVI – raggiungono livelli abbastanza elevati nelle prime due decadi del Seicento. Dopo il 1621 gli indici si muovono sotto altro segno. La cappella veronese – più di altre istituzioni padane - accusa il turning point del 1619-1622 indicato dagli storici come l’avvio della prima crisi economica generalizzata del ‘600. La contrazione del numero dei musici salariati è il risultato di una fase di declino finanziario inarrestabile. I reggenti per celebrare le festività più importanti dell’anno liturgico sono costretti ad ingaggiare musici ‘forestieri’. Questo apporto di cantori e suonatori straordinari non rappresenta - in vero - una novità, in quanto proposto anche negli anni precedenti in ottemperanza alla fastose istanze della policoralità barocca. Tuttavia, dopo il 1622, esso s’impone come una scelta obbligata per superare, in occasione delle ricorrenze più avvertite, l’inadeguatezza degli organici stabili. A dispetto di questa involuzione, le attività musicali nel duomo di Verona individuano un modello che pretende attenta considerazione anche in ragione della stretta correlazione tra cappella e scuole accolitati (in quest’ambito è innegabile la convergenza con gli orientamenti adottati in Santa Maria Maggiore a Bergamo). Da ultimo, non vanno trascurati i contatti con l’Europa del Nord. La città scaligera, importante crocevia sulla strada delle genti, si pone come un importante punto di riferimento per i musici diretti verso la Polonia, l’Austria e la Germania. Questo flusso migratorio rappresenta per la cappella musicale un’importante occasione di confronto di esperienze in tanto preziose, in quanto acquisite in luoghi diversi. L’attitudine dell’istituzione veronese a superare l’inerzia della tradizione deve, in certa misura, essere ricondotta a queste sollecitazioni che - sottratte all’estemporaneità - risultano decisive nell’esplicare i nuovi paradigmi della sensibilità barocca

Padoan, M., La musica nel Duomo di Verona negli anni 1590-1630, in Cavallini, I., White, H. (ed.), Musicology without Frontiers, Essays in Honour of Stanislav Tuksar, Croatian Musicological Society, Zagreb 2010: 67- 96 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/28398]

La musica nel Duomo di Verona negli anni 1590-1630

Padoan, Maurizio
2010

Abstract

The article is a preliminary study of the musical history of the Duomo of Verona from the outset of the 1590s to 1630. This period of time, as for other institutions of the Po Valley, is of great interest because it allows us to examine the practices adopted by the Veronese Chapter during a time characterized by considerable change. The most illuminating information about these practices comes from the perspective of the vocal and instrumental staff active between 1590 and 1630 upon which the study focuses. By considering the developments of such it is made fully evident that the Chapel of the Duomo, although not able to boast a number of salaried musicians equal to that verifiable in other churches of Northern Italy (such as San Marco in Venice, San Petronio in Bologna, Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo, and Santa Maria della Steccata in Parma) aligned itself with the most advanced trends of the early Baroque. They attest to the stable presence of one or two violinists and the presence, although it is limited at the time, of a violone player. The dynamism of the staff, in particular, involves values that- perceptible at the very close of the sixteenth century-reach levels considerably high in the first two decades of the seventeenth century. After 1621 the indications are different. The Veronese chapel-more than other institutions of the Po Valley-shows signs of the turning point of 1619-1622 designated by historians as the beginning of the first generalized economic crisis of the seventeenth century. The contraction in the number of salaried musicians is the result of a phase of inexorable financial decline. The regimen for celebrating the most important feasts of the liturgical year was to engage guest musicians. This extraordinary employment of guest singers and players does not represent a novelty, since it was also proposed in preceding instances in order to accommodate the sumptuous Baroque polychoral music. Nevertheless, it prevailed as an obligatory means of overcoming the inadequacies of the stable staff on the most important annual feasts. Despite this regression, the musical activities at the Duomo of Verona individualized a model that also required careful consideration of the close correlation between the chapel and the acolyte schools (in this sphere the convergence with the channels of action adopted in Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo is undeniable). Finally, contacts with Northern Europe do not go unnoticed. The city of the Scaligeri, an important crossway on well-traveled routes, is placed as a significant point of reference for musicians on their way to Poland, Austria, and Germany. For the cappella musicale, this migratory influx represents an important occasion of comparison for similarly valuable experiences acquired in other locations. The attitude of Veronese institutions in overcoming the inertia of tradition, must be, in a certain measure, brought back to these impulses that-despite their extemporaneousness-appear decisive in unfolding the new paradigms of the Baroque sensibility.
2010
Italiano
Musicology without Frontiers, Essays in Honour of Stanislav Tuksar
978-953-6090-44-0
Padoan, M., La musica nel Duomo di Verona negli anni 1590-1630, in Cavallini, I., White, H. (ed.), Musicology without Frontiers, Essays in Honour of Stanislav Tuksar, Croatian Musicological Society, Zagreb 2010: 67- 96 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/28398]
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