The present contribution intends to underline the fundamental role of "madonna Chiara" - as she is called by the sisters in the depositions that have come down to us through the vernacular translation of the acts of the Process of canonisation - in the preservation of the memory of Francis and of the first Minorite community. Clare's long survival of Francis accredited her as an authoritative and perhaps the only recognised (after the deposition of Brother Elias, 1239) witness to the memory of the saint, as a point of reference also for Francis' associates. Therefore, the experience of Clare and the sisters of San Damiano is placed within the sphere of Minoritism, meaning by this term the original bond with Francis and the community that had arisen around him, especially in its lay component, which continued to exist in the Order even after the deposition of Brother Elias and the strong restrictions placed on the acceptance of lay brothers. On the basis of the intitulationes reserved for Clare by the apostolic see or used by herself, the placement of Clare and St. Damian within the ill-defined sphere of the sorores minores, first attested by James of Vitry in the region of Perugia in 1216 and, from 1241 and until at least 1257 decisively fought by the apostolic see, can be deduced. They were considered a danger both for the 'papal' nuns of the Order of St Damian and for the Order of Friars Minor, who were concerned about not having to extend the cura monialium. Finally, the focus is on two terms that are particularly significant in verifying Clare's originality and her position with regard to the apostolic see and the Order of Friars Minor, of which she continued to consider herself a part: a) soror-ancilla and b) paupertas (altissima o sanctissima?). The use of these two terms reveals Clare's desire to fully implement the sequela Francisci.
Il presente contributo intende sottolineare il fondamentale apporto di “madonna Chiara” – come è chiamata dalle consorelle nelle deposizioni a noi giunte attraverso la traduzione volgare degli atti del Processo di canonizzazione – alla conservazione della memoria di Francesco e della prima comunità minoritica. La lunga sopravvivenza di Chiara a Francesco la accreditò come autorevole e forse unica riconosciuta (dopo la deposizione di frate Elia, 1239) testimone della memoria del Santo, come punto di riferimento anche per i socii di Francesco. Perciò l’esperienza di Chiara e delle consorelle di S. Damiano si colloca entro l’ambito del minoritismo, intendendo con questo termine l’originario legame con Francesco e la comunità sorta attorno a lui, soprattutto nella sua componente laicale, che continuò a esistere nell’Ordine anche dopo la deposizione di frate Elia e le forti restrizioni poste all’accettazione di frati laici. Sulla base delle intitulationes riservate a Chiara dalla sede apostolica o da lei stessa usate, si evince la collocazione di Chiara e di S. Damiano entro il non ben definito ambito delle sorores minores, per la prima volta attestate da Giacomo da Vitry nella regione di Perugia nel 1216 e, a partire dal 1241 e fino almeno al 1257 decisamente combattute dalla sede apostolica. Esse furono considerate un pericolo sia per le monache ‘papali’ dell’Ordine di S. Damiano sia per l’Ordine dei frati Minori, preoccupato di non dover estendere l’impegno della cura monialium. L’attenzione si focalizza infine su due termini, particolarmente significativi per verificare l’originalità di Chiara e la sua posizione nei confronti della sede apostolica e dell’Ordine dei frati Minori, del quale ella continuava a ritenersi parte: a) soror-ancilla e b) paupertas (altissima o sanctissima?). L’uso di questi due termini rivela la volontà di Chiara di attuare a pieno la sequela Francisci.
Alberzoni, M. P., Il 'francescanesimo' di madonna Chiara, Identità e autocoscienza dei frati Minori (secc. XIII-XIV), Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo, Spoleto 2023: 23-66 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/269101]
Il 'francescanesimo' di madonna Chiara
Alberzoni, Maria Pia
Primo
2023
Abstract
The present contribution intends to underline the fundamental role of "madonna Chiara" - as she is called by the sisters in the depositions that have come down to us through the vernacular translation of the acts of the Process of canonisation - in the preservation of the memory of Francis and of the first Minorite community. Clare's long survival of Francis accredited her as an authoritative and perhaps the only recognised (after the deposition of Brother Elias, 1239) witness to the memory of the saint, as a point of reference also for Francis' associates. Therefore, the experience of Clare and the sisters of San Damiano is placed within the sphere of Minoritism, meaning by this term the original bond with Francis and the community that had arisen around him, especially in its lay component, which continued to exist in the Order even after the deposition of Brother Elias and the strong restrictions placed on the acceptance of lay brothers. On the basis of the intitulationes reserved for Clare by the apostolic see or used by herself, the placement of Clare and St. Damian within the ill-defined sphere of the sorores minores, first attested by James of Vitry in the region of Perugia in 1216 and, from 1241 and until at least 1257 decisively fought by the apostolic see, can be deduced. They were considered a danger both for the 'papal' nuns of the Order of St Damian and for the Order of Friars Minor, who were concerned about not having to extend the cura monialium. Finally, the focus is on two terms that are particularly significant in verifying Clare's originality and her position with regard to the apostolic see and the Order of Friars Minor, of which she continued to consider herself a part: a) soror-ancilla and b) paupertas (altissima o sanctissima?). The use of these two terms reveals Clare's desire to fully implement the sequela Francisci.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.