This study has been aimed at evaluating by means of plant bioindicators pollution resulting from atmospheric deposition of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in the urban and suburban areas of Ravenna. Therefore, three different areas were taken into account: an area of natural interest, a public green area and a cultivated area, chosen for their particular locations relative to anthropogenic impact. The research has determined 22 macro- and micro-elements, both in the leaves of vascular plants and native mosses, and the isotopic compositions of strontium (Sr: 87Sr/86Sr) and neodymium (Nd: 143Nd/144Nd) in mosses. The chemical characterization of evergreen and deciduous trees over one year time and their temporal trends indicate a seasonal pattern which depends on the plant species and the element investigated, although accumulation of PTE has been especially observed in the fall. Unlike concentrations measured in the leaves, mosses provide estimates of possible enrichment occurred over the years. For several metals, especially Cd, Cu, Sn and Zn, their enrichment factors in mosses show that the contamination threshold ranges from severe to extreme in several stations of the investigated areas. A correlation exists between the plants exposed to high vehicular traffic and the release of Pt, although the amount of Pt intercepted and retained by leaf blades results not to be absorbed, supporting the low bioavailability of this element. The use of mosses as bioindicators to define the natural and anthropogenic sources of the atmospheric particulate has shown that the joint application of Sr and Nd isotopes can provide important information on the air pollution processes.

Questo studio si è posto l’obiettivo di valutare per mezzo di bioindicatori vegetali lo stato di contaminazione derivante dalla deposizione atmosferica di elementi potenzialmente tossici (EPT) nel territorio urbano e periurbano di Ravenna. A tal fine sono stati presi in considerazione un’area di interesse naturalistico, un’area a verde pubblico e un’area coltivata, scelti per la loro differente collocazione secondo un gradiente di esposizione all’impatto antropico. La ricerca ha preso in esame 22 macro e microelementi valutati sia nel tessuto fogliare di piante vascolari che in muschi indigeni, e gli isotopi radiogenici dello stronzio (Sr: 87Sr/86Sr) e del neodimio (Nd: 143Nd/144Nd) nei muschi. La caratterizzazione chimica di piante sempreverdi e decidue, eseguita in più campionamenti nell’arco di un anno, indica un andamento stagionale variabile dipendente dalla specie vegetale e dall’elemento indagato, se pur un accumulo di EPT si osservi specialmente in autunno. A differenza della concentrazione attuale che si riscontra nelle foglie, i muschi permettono di ricavare stime di possibili arricchimenti avvenuti nel corso degli anni. I fattori di arricchimento nei muschi indicano per diversi metalli, in particolare Cd, Cu, Sn e Zn, il superamento della soglia di contaminazione da severa a estrema, in diversi stazioni delle aree indagate. Si osserva una correlazione tra piante esposte ad intenso traffico veicolare e rilascio di Pt, sebbene la quota intercettata e ritenuta dalle lamine fogliari risulti non assorbita, rivelando la scarsa biodisponibilità di questo elemento. L’impiego dei muschi quali bioindicatori per definire le sorgenti naturali e antropiche del particolato atmosferico ha evidenziato che l’applicazione congiunta degli isotopi dello Sr e del Nd permette di ottenere importanti informazioni sui processi di inquinamento dell’aria.

Gatti, M., Beone, G. M., Vittori Antisari, L., Castorina, F., Masi, U., Chemical and geochemical characterization of plant bioindicators, in Vianello, G., Vittori Antisari, L. (ed.), Potentially toxic elements, biogeochemical and isotopic markers as indicators of environmental quality in a complex territorial system (RAVENNA, Italy), GEOL@B ONLUS, Imola 2011: <<EQA>>, 111- 138 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/23265]

Chemical and geochemical characterization of plant bioindicators

Gatti, Marina;Beone, Gian Maria;
2011

Abstract

This study has been aimed at evaluating by means of plant bioindicators pollution resulting from atmospheric deposition of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in the urban and suburban areas of Ravenna. Therefore, three different areas were taken into account: an area of natural interest, a public green area and a cultivated area, chosen for their particular locations relative to anthropogenic impact. The research has determined 22 macro- and micro-elements, both in the leaves of vascular plants and native mosses, and the isotopic compositions of strontium (Sr: 87Sr/86Sr) and neodymium (Nd: 143Nd/144Nd) in mosses. The chemical characterization of evergreen and deciduous trees over one year time and their temporal trends indicate a seasonal pattern which depends on the plant species and the element investigated, although accumulation of PTE has been especially observed in the fall. Unlike concentrations measured in the leaves, mosses provide estimates of possible enrichment occurred over the years. For several metals, especially Cd, Cu, Sn and Zn, their enrichment factors in mosses show that the contamination threshold ranges from severe to extreme in several stations of the investigated areas. A correlation exists between the plants exposed to high vehicular traffic and the release of Pt, although the amount of Pt intercepted and retained by leaf blades results not to be absorbed, supporting the low bioavailability of this element. The use of mosses as bioindicators to define the natural and anthropogenic sources of the atmospheric particulate has shown that the joint application of Sr and Nd isotopes can provide important information on the air pollution processes.
2011
Italiano
Inglese
Francese
Potentially toxic elements, biogeochemical and isotopic markers as indicators of environmental quality in a complex territorial system (RAVENNA, Italy)
9788890126154
EQA
Gatti, M., Beone, G. M., Vittori Antisari, L., Castorina, F., Masi, U., Chemical and geochemical characterization of plant bioindicators, in Vianello, G., Vittori Antisari, L. (ed.), Potentially toxic elements, biogeochemical and isotopic markers as indicators of environmental quality in a complex territorial system (RAVENNA, Italy), GEOL@B ONLUS, Imola 2011: <<EQA>>, 111- 138 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/23265]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10807/23265
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