The aim of this paper is to investigate Italian-Montenegrin diplomatic relations between 1878 and 1914. The aim is to show how these two countries maintained close relations over the sixty years that elapsed from the recognition of Montenegrin independence (1878) to the entry of Cettigne (Cetinje) into the First World War. Firstly, Rome's diplomatic action in the two-year period of implementation of the final act of the Congress of Berlin will be traced, showing how Italy worked in favour of the Montenegrin settlement. Secondly, it will be seen how Rome always concentrated its efforts on Montenegro in order to prevent it from being a further cause of disturbance to the status quo in the Balkans and to remove a further pretext for Austria-Hungary to change the Balkan balance to its advantage. Thus, Montenegro will be of great political significance for Italy as far as the balance of power in the Balkans and the Adriatic is concerned. This was true not only for Vienna, but also for Russia, which, until the beginning of the 20th century, saw precisely in that small nation its greatest Russophile expression in the Balkans. Despite the respective sympathies between the two nations, confirmed on several occasions both by the rulers themselves and by their respective diplomatic sources, the exigencies of realpolitik led both Rome and Cettigne to have different visions on the fate of the Balkan peninsula. Indeed, Italy would strive until the outbreak of the First World War to find suitable agreements to maintain the status quo in the Balkans, while Montenegro would pursue its territorial objectives: especially those in Albania. The latter was very strategic for Rome's interests and therefore led it to distrust Cettigne. Always fearing a sudden coup by the Montenegrins in the Ottoman province, this through an alliance with other Balkan nations. Therefore, the following text will try to show how Montenegro was a relevant piece of Italian foreign policy between the second half of the 19th century and the outbreak of the Great War. And to emphasise how Montenegro was a battleground between Rome and Vienna. So much so that Italy would never hide its aversions to further Austro-Hungarian expansion to the detriment of the small state. Even going so far as to declare to Vienna that if it proceeded to occupy the small state, the Italian position towards Vienna would be irreparably changed.

Questo elaborato si pone l’obiettivo di indagare i rapporti diplomatici italo-montenegrini intercorsi dal 1878 al 1914. Ciò con l’obiettivo di dimostrare come questi due Paesi abbiano mantenuto rapporti stretti lungo il sessantennio che intercorse dal riconoscimento dell’indipendenza montenegrina (1878), fino all’ingresso nella Prima Guerra Mondiale di Cettigne (Cetinje). Si ripercorrerà, in primo luogo, l’azione diplomatica di Roma nel biennio d’implementazioni dell’atto finale del Congresso di Berlino, mostrando come l’Italia abbia lavorato a favore della sistemazione montenegrina. In seconda battuta, si vedrà come Roma abbia sempre concentrato i suoi sforzi in Montenegro per evitare che esso potesse risultare un ulteriore motivo di turbamento dello status quo nei Balcani e per sottrarre un ulteriore pretesto all’Austria-Ungheria per modificare a suo vantaggio la situazione balcanica. Pertanto, il Montenegro assumerà una grande rilevanza politica per l’Italia per quanto concerne l’equilibrio di potenza nei Balcani e nell’Adriatico. Questo è vero non solo per Vienna, ma anche per la Russia che fino agli inizi del XX secolo, vedeva proprio in quel piccolo popolo la sua massima espressione russofila nei Balcani. Nonostante le rispettive simpatie tra le due Nazioni, confermate a più riprese sia dagli stessi regnanti che dalle rispettive fonti diplomatiche, le esigenze di realpolitik porteranno sia Roma che Cettigne ad avere visioni differenti sul destino della penisola balcanica. L’Italia si impegnerà fino allo scoppio della Prima Guerra Mondiale di trovare degli accordi idonei a mantenere lo status quo nei Balcani, mentre il Montenegro perseguirà i suoi obiettivi territoriali: soprattutto quelli in Albania. Quest’ultima assai strategica per gli interessi di Roma e che la porterà, pertanto, a nutrire diffidenza nei confronti di Cettigne. Temendo sempre un colpo di mano improvviso dei montenegrini nella provincia ottomana, questo mediante l’alleanza con altre Nazioni balcaniche. Pertanto, il testo che segue cercherà di dimostrare come il Montenegro sia stato un tassello rilevante nella politica estera italiana tra la seconda metà del XIX secolo e lo scoppio della Grande Guerra. E di mettere in rilievo come il Montenegro sia stato un terreno di sconto tra Roma e Vienna. Tant’è che l’Italia non nasconderà mai le sue avversioni ad ulteriori espansioni austro-ungariche a danno del piccolo Stato. Fino ad arrivare, pochi giorni prima dello scoppio della Prima Guerra Mondiale, a dichiarare a Vienna che se quest’ultima avesse proceduto ad occupare il piccolo Stato, la posizione italiana nei confronti di Vienna sarebbe cambiata irrimediabilmente.

Sabovic, D., Il ruolo della diplomazia italiana in Montenegro dal 1878 al 1914, in Buzar, S., Delić, D., Goranović, P., Ivezić, D., Jovanović, B., Lalović, D., Maroević, T., Milosavljević, S., Popović, D., Popović, P., Raonić, Z., Sekulović, G., Sabovic, D., Todorović, N., Ljetopis Crnogorski, Nacionalna zajednica Crnogoraca Hrvatske, Društvo Crnogoraca i prijatelja Crne Gore ,,Montenegro” Zagreb,, Zagreb 2021 Vol. 9: 88-128 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/232292]

Il ruolo della diplomazia italiana in Montenegro dal 1878 al 1914

Sabovic, Dino
Primo
Membro del Collaboration Group
2021

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to investigate Italian-Montenegrin diplomatic relations between 1878 and 1914. The aim is to show how these two countries maintained close relations over the sixty years that elapsed from the recognition of Montenegrin independence (1878) to the entry of Cettigne (Cetinje) into the First World War. Firstly, Rome's diplomatic action in the two-year period of implementation of the final act of the Congress of Berlin will be traced, showing how Italy worked in favour of the Montenegrin settlement. Secondly, it will be seen how Rome always concentrated its efforts on Montenegro in order to prevent it from being a further cause of disturbance to the status quo in the Balkans and to remove a further pretext for Austria-Hungary to change the Balkan balance to its advantage. Thus, Montenegro will be of great political significance for Italy as far as the balance of power in the Balkans and the Adriatic is concerned. This was true not only for Vienna, but also for Russia, which, until the beginning of the 20th century, saw precisely in that small nation its greatest Russophile expression in the Balkans. Despite the respective sympathies between the two nations, confirmed on several occasions both by the rulers themselves and by their respective diplomatic sources, the exigencies of realpolitik led both Rome and Cettigne to have different visions on the fate of the Balkan peninsula. Indeed, Italy would strive until the outbreak of the First World War to find suitable agreements to maintain the status quo in the Balkans, while Montenegro would pursue its territorial objectives: especially those in Albania. The latter was very strategic for Rome's interests and therefore led it to distrust Cettigne. Always fearing a sudden coup by the Montenegrins in the Ottoman province, this through an alliance with other Balkan nations. Therefore, the following text will try to show how Montenegro was a relevant piece of Italian foreign policy between the second half of the 19th century and the outbreak of the Great War. And to emphasise how Montenegro was a battleground between Rome and Vienna. So much so that Italy would never hide its aversions to further Austro-Hungarian expansion to the detriment of the small state. Even going so far as to declare to Vienna that if it proceeded to occupy the small state, the Italian position towards Vienna would be irreparably changed.
2021
Italiano
ISSN 1334-7128
Nacionalna zajednica Crnogoraca Hrvatske, Društvo Crnogoraca i prijatelja Crne Gore ,,Montenegro” Zagreb,
Vol. 9
Finanziato da Savjeta za nacionalne manjine Republike Hrvatske (Consiglio per le minoranze etniche della Repubblica Croata).
Sabovic, D., Il ruolo della diplomazia italiana in Montenegro dal 1878 al 1914, in Buzar, S., Delić, D., Goranović, P., Ivezić, D., Jovanović, B., Lalović, D., Maroević, T., Milosavljević, S., Popović, D., Popović, P., Raonić, Z., Sekulović, G., Sabovic, D., Todorović, N., Ljetopis Crnogorski, Nacionalna zajednica Crnogoraca Hrvatske, Društvo Crnogoraca i prijatelja Crne Gore ,,Montenegro” Zagreb,, Zagreb 2021 Vol. 9: 88-128 [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/232292]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10807/232292
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