An evidence-based approach to applied translation studies

Of the three branches of translation studies outlined by Holmes in his seminal paper “The name and nature of translation studies” (1988,1972) descriptive translation studies have done much to shed light on the phenomenon of translation, the nature of translated text and the complex factors that govern the translating process. These insights have not, as yet, had any great impact on the applied branch of the discipline, due mainly to the largely separatist attitude that reigns in both camps. The growing discussion within translation training circles regarding the kind of knowledge that professional translators need to possess in order to exert their profession at their best and consequently regarding the type of competence and skills that should be included within an educational programme may, however, pave the way for more fruitful cooperation and interaction. The present paper presents an evidence-based approach to translation studies which aims to integrate a descriptive component into translation practice and pedagogy. The approach attributes importance to the description and observation of reality and combines individual expertise with objective external evidence in the translation process. The premise underlying this approach to translation is that individual expertise, grounded essentially in heuristic principles, and theoretical knowledge need to be bolstered by the systematic use of observable data and that accessing and critically appraising such empirical data is an essential aspect of translational expertise. The traditional theory/practice dichotomy that has been at the basis of much discussion in translation pedagogy is thus extended in the present proposal to include a third descriptive component.