Starting with the origins of modern thought, the philosophical-political and legal disciplines saw the statute of science as having bases of neutrality and objectivity, which appeared irremediably lacking in political and legal systems. This conception has been accompanied by substantial a-historicity and abstraction in the way it looks at both science and law. However, the criticisms raised against this vision of science as a methodological paradigm for political and legal theories have failed to touch the hypothesis of the separateness of science, which, even within such perspectives, continues to appear as a self-contained form of knowledge. The last forty years have seen the radical subversion of the conditions which made the neutral and separate relationship between science and law tenable to be theorized. The scientific activities and products subjected to the scrutiny of law have increased exponentially, and ambits have appeared in which science has at once created risks and proved largely incapable of controlling them. The technical-scientific component has increasingly constituted the cognitive content of norms, but the number of situations is increasing in which law has to fill cognitive gaps, since scientific data prove uncertain, insufficient or susceptible to sharply diverging interpretations On the one hand, the strong presence of scientific learning in subjects of normative competence means that it is necessary to explore relationships between science and law - over and above any reflection on technical norms - as an intersection between scientific and legal concepts and qualifications. On the other, the indeterminate or uncertain character of much scientific knowledge poses the problem of which specific normative choices have to overcome the gaps left by science.

Fin dalle origini del pensiero moderno le discipline filosofico-politiche e giuridiche hanno individuato nello statuto della scienza le basi di neutralità e oggettività che sembravano perlopiù irrimediabilmente assenti nei sistemi politici e giuridici. Tale concezione è stata accompagnata anche da una sostanziale astoricità e astrattezza nel modo di guardare sia alla scienza che al diritto. In questa prospettiva la scienza è considerata sia un referente metodologico non eguagliabile sia un’entità separata all’interno della società. Questo atteggiamento ha condizionato anche la regolazione giuridica delle attività e dei prodotti scientifici. Poiché la scienza è considerata come un’istituzione sociale indipendente, che determina con criteri oggettivi le conoscenze da ritenersi valide in una data situazione, il diritto che interagisce con la scienza per regolamentarla è pensato essenzialmente come norma tecnica, destinata a recepire acriticamente conoscenze accertate e valutate altrove. Gli anni più recenti hanno visto il radicale sovvertimento delle condizioni che rendevano possibile il rispettoso rapporto a distanza tra scienza e diritto. Le attività e i prodotti scientifici sottoposti all’attenzione del diritto sono cresciuti in modo esponenziale, e sono emersi ambiti in cui la scienza al tempo stesso ha creato rischi e si è rivelata largamente incapace di controllarli. La componente tecnico-scientifica costituisce sempre più il contenuto cognitivo delle norme, ma aumentano anche le situazioni in cui il diritto deve colmare le lacune conoscitive, risultando i dati scientifici incerti, insufficienti o suscettibili di interpretazioni fortemente divergenti.

Tallacchini, M., Diritto e scienza, in Montanari, B. (ed.), Luoghi della filosofia del diritto. Idee strutture mutamenti, Giappichelli Editore, Torino 2012: 145- 169 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/21589]

Diritto e scienza

Tallacchini, Mariachiara
2012

Abstract

Starting with the origins of modern thought, the philosophical-political and legal disciplines saw the statute of science as having bases of neutrality and objectivity, which appeared irremediably lacking in political and legal systems. This conception has been accompanied by substantial a-historicity and abstraction in the way it looks at both science and law. However, the criticisms raised against this vision of science as a methodological paradigm for political and legal theories have failed to touch the hypothesis of the separateness of science, which, even within such perspectives, continues to appear as a self-contained form of knowledge. The last forty years have seen the radical subversion of the conditions which made the neutral and separate relationship between science and law tenable to be theorized. The scientific activities and products subjected to the scrutiny of law have increased exponentially, and ambits have appeared in which science has at once created risks and proved largely incapable of controlling them. The technical-scientific component has increasingly constituted the cognitive content of norms, but the number of situations is increasing in which law has to fill cognitive gaps, since scientific data prove uncertain, insufficient or susceptible to sharply diverging interpretations On the one hand, the strong presence of scientific learning in subjects of normative competence means that it is necessary to explore relationships between science and law - over and above any reflection on technical norms - as an intersection between scientific and legal concepts and qualifications. On the other, the indeterminate or uncertain character of much scientific knowledge poses the problem of which specific normative choices have to overcome the gaps left by science.
2012
Italiano
Luoghi della filosofia del diritto. Idee strutture mutamenti
978-88-348-2691-1
Tallacchini, M., Diritto e scienza, in Montanari, B. (ed.), Luoghi della filosofia del diritto. Idee strutture mutamenti, Giappichelli Editore, Torino 2012: 145- 169 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/21589]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10807/21589
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