The latest interdisciplinary research projects have revealed the non-local origin of various communities of Barbarian culture, based on both genetic ancestry and mobility isotopes. The migration of the Longobards in the territory from Pannonia to Italy appears to be confirmed; collective mobility is generally high, often of family groups. Individual female mobility is also frequently seen, probably due to exogamy: women often appear to come from groups with similar cultural levels and social structures, also distant as in the case of the more eastern origin of the skeletons with deformed skulls discovered in Bavaria. Significant correspondence is found with the material culture documented by the archaeological record. An extended family clan of non-local origin constituted the hegemonic pole of the community; local individuals were incorporated in subordinate positions, but in many cases a ‘genetic barrier’ was maintained for a long time. Dietary differences often reflect the elites’ privileged access to resources. Changes in sustenance strategies can also reflect external inputs: the transition from agriculture based on C3 plants to C4 plants, more typical of arid climates, was clearly due to the influence of nomadic steppe peoples such as Huns and Avars. This panorama of extremely interesting new data confirms the validity of these methods and a consistent trend, that promises a deeper comprehension of the concept of migration and the value of material culture as an expression of human cultures and population changes.
Recentissimi progetti di ricerca interdisciplinari hanno rivelato l’origine non locale di varie comunità di cultura barbarica, sulla base sia dell’ascendenza genetica che degli isotopi della mobilità. Appare confermata la migrazione dei Longobardi nel segmento dalla Pannonia all’Italia; in generale alta è la mobilità collettiva, spesso di gruppi familiari. Emerge con frequenza anche la mobilità individuale femminile, verosimilmente per esogamia: sembra trattarsi spesso di donne provenienti da gruppi con stadio culturale e struttura sociale affini, anche distanti come nel caso della provenienza più orientale delle inumate con cranio deformato in Baviera. Significativa è la corrispondenza con la cultura materiale espressa dal record archeologico. Il clan familiare allargato di origine alloctona costituisce il polo egemone della comunità: aggrega anche individui locali in posizione subalterna, ma in molti casi mantiene a lungo una ‘barriera genetica’. Anche il diverso regime alimentare riflette spesso un accesso privilegiato alle risorse da parte delle élites. Il cambiamento nelle strategie di sostentamento può riflettere anch’esso apporti esterni: chiaro è il passaggio da colture basate su piante del tipo C3 a piante C4, più tipiche dei climi aridi, per influenza di popoli nomaci delle steppe come Unni e Avari. Uno scenario di nuovi dati di straordinario interesse, che conferma la validità dei metodi e tendenze piuttosto coerenti a favore di un recupero del concetto di migrazione e di cultura materiale come espressione di culture umane e di cambiamenti nel popolamento. L'incontro internazionale e l'intervento dell'autrice derivano dalla partecipazione della stessa al progetto di ricerca interdisciplinare internazionale "Tracing Longobard Migration through DNA Analysis", dir. scient. prof. Patrick J. Geary ((Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton) (cfr. "Nature. Communications" 2018).
Giostra, C., Ricerche paleogenetiche e isotopiche nel Barbaricum, in C. Giostr, C. G. (ed.), Migrazioni, clan, culture: archeologia, genetica e isotopi stabili, Atti del III Incontro per l’Archeologia barbarica (Milano, 18 maggio 2018), a cura di C. Giostra, SAP Società Archeologica srl, Mantova 2019: <<ARCHEOLOGIA BARBARICA>>, 156- 199 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/147265]
Ricerche paleogenetiche e isotopiche nel Barbaricum
Giostra, Caterina
2019
Abstract
The latest interdisciplinary research projects have revealed the non-local origin of various communities of Barbarian culture, based on both genetic ancestry and mobility isotopes. The migration of the Longobards in the territory from Pannonia to Italy appears to be confirmed; collective mobility is generally high, often of family groups. Individual female mobility is also frequently seen, probably due to exogamy: women often appear to come from groups with similar cultural levels and social structures, also distant as in the case of the more eastern origin of the skeletons with deformed skulls discovered in Bavaria. Significant correspondence is found with the material culture documented by the archaeological record. An extended family clan of non-local origin constituted the hegemonic pole of the community; local individuals were incorporated in subordinate positions, but in many cases a ‘genetic barrier’ was maintained for a long time. Dietary differences often reflect the elites’ privileged access to resources. Changes in sustenance strategies can also reflect external inputs: the transition from agriculture based on C3 plants to C4 plants, more typical of arid climates, was clearly due to the influence of nomadic steppe peoples such as Huns and Avars. This panorama of extremely interesting new data confirms the validity of these methods and a consistent trend, that promises a deeper comprehension of the concept of migration and the value of material culture as an expression of human cultures and population changes.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.