The 'health revolution’ of the last century has had major consequences on population and economy; and not just today the healthcare sector plays a crucial role in the social equilibrium, shaping reproduction and consumption behaviors, represents an important supply chain and is at the forefront of the scientific and technological research. Hence the importance of considering the health performances also in the light of the category ‘equality / inequality’ (without ignoring the difficulty of defining what ‘health inequalitiy’ is and which are its causes). Regarding Italy from the Unification up to the present, the increased expectations of citizens reflect the real improvements of the social and health conditions and also the reduction of the gaps in the main health parameters (life expectancy, infant mortality, causes of morbidity, etc.) between geographical areas, social classes, genres, and different ages. The empirical evidence thus reveals the considerable long-term progress that has led Italy to the top positions of the world ranking of the main health indicators. But still a century after Unification there were significant occupational and geographical differences in health services, whose causes the essay investigates. This paved the way for a radical reform established with the introduction of the National Health Service in the 1970s.
La 'rivoluzione della salute' dell’ultimo secolo ha avuto forti conseguenze sulla società e sull'economia. L'ambito sanitario svolge infatti un ruolo cruciale negli equilibri sociali, incide su riproduzione e consumo, regge un’importante filiera della salute, è in prima fila nella ricerca scientifica e tecnologica. Di qui l’importanza di considerare le performance sanitarie anche alla luce della categoria uguaglianza/diseguaglianza (senza ignorare la difficoltà di definire cosa siano le “diseguaglianze” nella salute personale e soprattutto quali ne siano le cause). Le crescenti aspettative dei cittadini sono il riflesso dell’oggettivo miglioramento delle condizioni socio-sanitarie in Italia dall’unità ad oggi e della riduzione dei divari nei principali parametri di salute (speranza di vita, mortalità infantile, cause di morbilità, ecc.) tra generi, classi d’età, aree geografiche, ceti sociali. L’evidenza empirica rivela dunque i notevoli progressi di lungo periodo che hanno portato l’Italia nelle posizioni di testa della classifica mondiale dei principali indicatori sanitari. Tuttavia, ancora a un secolo dall'unificazione si registravano significative differenze nei servizi per la salute, differenze di cui il saggio indaga le cause. Ciò aprì la strada a una radicale riforma con l’introduzione del Servizio sanitario nazionale negli anni Settanta.
Fumi, G., Disuguaglianze economiche e salute nell’Italia contemporanea, in Gregorini, G. (ed.), Le disuguaglianze economiche nella storia [risorsa elettronica], Vita e Pensiero, Milano 2018: 152- 171 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/111546]
Disuguaglianze economiche e salute nell’Italia contemporanea
Fumi, Gianpiero
2018
Abstract
The 'health revolution’ of the last century has had major consequences on population and economy; and not just today the healthcare sector plays a crucial role in the social equilibrium, shaping reproduction and consumption behaviors, represents an important supply chain and is at the forefront of the scientific and technological research. Hence the importance of considering the health performances also in the light of the category ‘equality / inequality’ (without ignoring the difficulty of defining what ‘health inequalitiy’ is and which are its causes). Regarding Italy from the Unification up to the present, the increased expectations of citizens reflect the real improvements of the social and health conditions and also the reduction of the gaps in the main health parameters (life expectancy, infant mortality, causes of morbidity, etc.) between geographical areas, social classes, genres, and different ages. The empirical evidence thus reveals the considerable long-term progress that has led Italy to the top positions of the world ranking of the main health indicators. But still a century after Unification there were significant occupational and geographical differences in health services, whose causes the essay investigates. This paved the way for a radical reform established with the introduction of the National Health Service in the 1970s.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.