Depuis quelques années, les juges administratifs italien et français montrent un souci de plus en plus explicite de protection de la sécurité juridique, qui les a portés à s’arroger le pouvoir de moduler les effets des annulations, sur le modèle de la Cour de Justice de l’Union Européenne. Ce souci n’est pourtant pas nouveau : en France comme en Italie, de nombreuses théories jurisprudentielles, anciennes et nouvelles, visant à préserver les actes illégaux des effets de l’annulation contentieuse témoignaient déjà de son existence. Les nouvelles techniques de protection de la sécurité juridique, et notamment la modulation, ont reçu un accueil doctrinal très différent dans les deux pays: si en France elles ont – du moins initialement - trouvé un terrain favorable, en Italie, le recul de la légalité au profit de la sécurité juridique a été fortement critiqué comme allant à l’encontre des garanties offertes aux administrés par l’art. 113 de la Constitution italienne. D’une part, la thèse décrit et analyse les techniques de protection de la stabilité de l’acte illégal - ou de ses effets - utilisées par les juges administratifs italien et français, dans le but de cerner ce que, concrètement, les juges entendent protéger lorsqu’ils écartent le principe de légalité au profit de la sécurité juridique afin de parvenir à une définition plus précise de ce que représente ce principe dans ce contexte. D’autre part, la recherche analyse l’impact des tendances jurisprudentielles décrites sur les garanties offertes aux administrés, afin de parvenir à une explication du différent accueil reçu par les techniques de protection de la sécurité juridique dans les deux pays.
Since the beginning of the XXI century, Italian and French administrative courts have shown an increasing interest in the protection of legal certainty, which eventually culminated in the adoption of the power to modulate the temporal effects of judicial annulments, along the lines of the powers granted to the European Court of Justice by art. 264, sect. 2 T.F.E.U. An in-depth analysis of Italian and French case law revealed that several legal doctrines aimed at the preservation of unlawful administrative acts from the effects of an annulment had already been developed by domestic Courts prior to the introduction of the power to modulate their decisions, thus demonstrating a long-lasting commitment to legal certainty by the Courts. The new techniques generated different responses in the two sides of the Alps. While in France, they received general approval by legal scholars – at least initially – and their use is now widespread, in Italy they have been almost unanimously deemed in contravention of the guarantees enshrined in article 113 of the Italian Constitution. The dissertation describes and analyses the old and new techniques by which the stability of an unlawful act or of its effects are protected by Italian and French Courts, with the aim of further defining the concept of legal certainty by illustrating what is actually protected by the Court when the principle of legal certainty is acknowledged to prevail on the principle of legality. Furthermore, the dissertation focuses on the impact of these techniques on the justiciability of citizens’ rights, in France and in Italy, as a means to explain the different reception the power of modulation has had in the two Countries.
Da ormai diversi anni, i giudici amministrativi, italiani come francesi, dimostrano una crescente preoccupazione per la tutela della certezza del diritto, che li ha portati ad arrogarsi il potere di modulare gli effetti dell’annullamento, seguendo il modello della Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione Europea. Questa preoccupazione non è tuttavia nuova: in Francia come in Italia, diversi orientamenti giurisprudenziali, anche molto risalenti, avevano lo scopo di preservare alcuni degli effetti prodotti dall’atto illegittimo dall’effetto eliminatorio e ripristinatorio dell’annullamento. Le nuove tecniche di protezione della certezza del diritto, e in particolare la modulazione, hanno ricevuto un’accoglienza molto diversa nei due Paesi: se in Francia hanno – almeno inizialmente – trovato un terreno fertile, in Italia, l’arretramento del principio di legalità da esse sotteso è stato fortemente criticato, poiché ritenuto contrario alle garanzie di tutela giurisdizionale sancite dall’art. 113 Cost. Da una parte, la tesi descrive e analizza le tecniche di protezione della stabilità degli effetti dell’atto illegittimo, allo scopo di comprendere ciò che, concretamente, i giudici intendono tutelare quando fanno prevalere il principio di certezza del diritto su quello di legalità. D’altra parte, la ricerca ha lo scopo di verificare quale sia l’impatto delle tendenze giurisprudenziali descritte sulle garanzie di tutela offerte ai cittadini in Italia e in Francia, al fine di trovare una spiegazione alla diversa accoglienza riservata alle tecniche giurisprudenziali di tutela della certezza del diritto nei due Paesi.
CONDORELLI, MARTINA, I PRINCIPI DI CERTEZZA DEL DIRITTO E DI "SÉCURITÉ JURIDIQUE"E LE GARANZIE OFFERTE AL CITTADINO IN ITALIA E IN FRANCIA, BROYELLE, CAMILLE, TRAVI, ALDO, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milano:Ciclo XXX [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/286528]
I PRINCIPI DI CERTEZZA DEL DIRITTO E DI "SÉCURITÉ JURIDIQUE"E LE GARANZIE OFFERTE AL CITTADINO IN ITALIA E IN FRANCIA
Condorelli, Martina
2019
Abstract
Since the beginning of the XXI century, Italian and French administrative courts have shown an increasing interest in the protection of legal certainty, which eventually culminated in the adoption of the power to modulate the temporal effects of judicial annulments, along the lines of the powers granted to the European Court of Justice by art. 264, sect. 2 T.F.E.U. An in-depth analysis of Italian and French case law revealed that several legal doctrines aimed at the preservation of unlawful administrative acts from the effects of an annulment had already been developed by domestic Courts prior to the introduction of the power to modulate their decisions, thus demonstrating a long-lasting commitment to legal certainty by the Courts. The new techniques generated different responses in the two sides of the Alps. While in France, they received general approval by legal scholars – at least initially – and their use is now widespread, in Italy they have been almost unanimously deemed in contravention of the guarantees enshrined in article 113 of the Italian Constitution. The dissertation describes and analyses the old and new techniques by which the stability of an unlawful act or of its effects are protected by Italian and French Courts, with the aim of further defining the concept of legal certainty by illustrating what is actually protected by the Court when the principle of legal certainty is acknowledged to prevail on the principle of legality. Furthermore, the dissertation focuses on the impact of these techniques on the justiciability of citizens’ rights, in France and in Italy, as a means to explain the different reception the power of modulation has had in the two Countries.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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