The research project aimed to provide new tools and knowledge for sustainable olive-oil management, employing a multidisciplinary approach encompassing sustainability, agronomic practices, and quality issues, with a focus on irrigation. An overview of the Italian sector (Chapter 2) highlighted the need for sustainability certifications to promote technological and cultural changes. To assist companies in this transition, a technical sustainability guide was developed (Chapter 3), which referenced the four pillars of sustainability: environmental, quality/food safety, social, and economic. A study conducted near Florence (Tuscany, Italy) investigated the impact of fruit load and deficit irrigation on oil yield and fruit chemical composition in a high-density olive grove (Chapter 4). Thinning had a minimal effect on oil yield, while deficit irrigation significantly reduced oil accumulation. Metabolomic analysis revealed that thinning primarily influenced flavonoid glycosides, while deficit irrigation affected various phenolic classes. The final study (Chapter 5) evaluated the effects of irrigation on intensive olive orchards in Catalonia, focusing on fruit characteristics, the extraction process, and water footprint. Irrigated groves exhibited higher yields but a greater water resource impact. Despite lower oil losses in irrigated olives, extractability remained similar. To conclude, this thesis demonstrated that the pursuit of sustainable intensification in olive oil production necessitates the balancing of increasing yields with the preservation of cultural traditions and the maintenance of high product quality.
Il progetto ha fornito nuovi strumenti per una gestione sostenibile dell'olio di oliva, utilizzando un approccio multidisciplinare che comprende sostenibilità, pratiche agronomiche e qualità, con particolare attenzione all'irrigazione. Un'analisi del settore italiano (Capitolo 2) ha evidenziato la necessità di certificazioni di sostenibilità per promuovere cambiamenti tecnologici e culturali. Per supportare le aziende in questa transizione, è stata sviluppata una guida tecnica alla sostenibilità (Capitolo 3), basata su quattro pilastri: ambientale, qualità/sicurezza alimentare, sociale ed economico. Uno studio vicino a Firenze (Toscana, Italia) ha esaminato l'impatto del carico di frutti e dell'irrigazione deficitaria sulla resa in olio e sulla composizione chimica dei frutti in un oliveto ad alta densità (Capitolo 4). Il diradamento ha avuto un effetto minimo sulla resa in olio, mentre l'irrigazione deficitaria ha ridotto significativamente l'accumulo di olio. L'analisi metabolomica ha mostrato che il diradamento ha influenzato principalmente i glicosidi flavonoidi, mentre l'irrigazione deficitaria ha influenzato varie classi fenoliche. L'ultimo studio (Capitolo 5) ha valutato gli effetti dell'irrigazione su oliveti intensivi in Catalogna, concentrandosi su caratteristiche dei frutti, processo di estrazione e impronta idrica. Gli oliveti irrigati hanno mostrato rese più elevate, ma un maggiore impatto sulle risorse idriche. In conclusione, bilanciare l'aumento delle rese con la conservazione delle tradizioni culturali e la qualità del prodotto è essenziale per un'intensificazione sostenibile.
FAROLFI, CAMILLA @(doctoralthesis) dc.title@, CAPRI, ETTORE, TOMBESI, SERGIO, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza):Ciclo XXXVI. [doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030501]. [doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153332] [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/286314]
STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT IN OLIVE OIL SECTOR
Farolfi, Camilla
2024
Abstract
The research project aimed to provide new tools and knowledge for sustainable olive-oil management, employing a multidisciplinary approach encompassing sustainability, agronomic practices, and quality issues, with a focus on irrigation. An overview of the Italian sector (Chapter 2) highlighted the need for sustainability certifications to promote technological and cultural changes. To assist companies in this transition, a technical sustainability guide was developed (Chapter 3), which referenced the four pillars of sustainability: environmental, quality/food safety, social, and economic. A study conducted near Florence (Tuscany, Italy) investigated the impact of fruit load and deficit irrigation on oil yield and fruit chemical composition in a high-density olive grove (Chapter 4). Thinning had a minimal effect on oil yield, while deficit irrigation significantly reduced oil accumulation. Metabolomic analysis revealed that thinning primarily influenced flavonoid glycosides, while deficit irrigation affected various phenolic classes. The final study (Chapter 5) evaluated the effects of irrigation on intensive olive orchards in Catalonia, focusing on fruit characteristics, the extraction process, and water footprint. Irrigated groves exhibited higher yields but a greater water resource impact. Despite lower oil losses in irrigated olives, extractability remained similar. To conclude, this thesis demonstrated that the pursuit of sustainable intensification in olive oil production necessitates the balancing of increasing yields with the preservation of cultural traditions and the maintenance of high product quality.
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