To produce a sustainable biomass, perennial biomass crops for instance Miscanthus, giant reed and nettle have important roles and necessary for the bio-economy while also minimizing any potential negative effects. These biomass crops have the following characteristics: 1) High energy output to input ratios, a low need for agronomic interventions like irrigation, 2) ability to grow on underutilized marginal land to minimize pressure on food production, 3) expanding opportunities for rural development and diversification. Therefore, it is essential to create energy crops that have high yields and are resistant to environmental challenges. Particularly, drought and heavy metals is one of the biggest factors reducing crop productivity globally and may contribute to land becoming marginal. Similarly co-cropping of nettle and poplar may be the best approach to assist the environmental stress for instance drought and got a serious attention in recent years on diversified agriculture to utilize the resources in efficient way as compared to sole-cropping cropping system. Thesis contains total six chapters including the general introduction (chapter 1st) and general discussion (chapter 6th). In the first part (chapter 2nd) of this work, it was investigated to select the most tolerant Miscanthus hybrid line and giant reed clone among the seven hybrids and clones respectively under drought and zinc (Zn) stress. In this work several morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters were analysed and conclude on the basis of Principal component analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) base on their stress tolerance index (STI) value. The second part (chapter 3rd) of this work consider the most tolerant genotype of Miscanthus against drought and Zn stress from our previous study, under drought, Zn stress alone and combination of both stress. In this study we aimed to understand whether the most tolerant hybrid line of Miscanthus against drought and Zn may deliver tolerance to combinations of stress on the basis of metabolomics, gas exchange, morphological and physiological parameters. The third part (chapter 4th) of this work was similar to our first work, but hare we used the nettle plants instead of Miscanthus and giant reed under drought and Zn stress. The aimed of this study to select the most tolerant genotype of nettle among the seven clones under drought and Zn stress on the basis of several morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters and finally for the quantification of the metals in the shoot of nettle, ICP-MS were performed. And conclude on the basis of PCA and HCA based on the STI value. The last part (chapter 5th) of the work investigated the potentialities of nettles and poplar in co-cropping cultures during the drought stress. In this study we aimed to check the several belowground interaction in co-cropping and their biomasses to conclude that either the co-crop help in the resistance of drought stress or not and their yield potentials. In this study we performed the microbiological analysis (dsDNA and enzymatic), C/N, root architecture, fluorescence and several morphological parameters and conclude on the basis of multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA)
Per produrre una biomassa sostenibile, le colture di biomassa perenne, ad esempio il miscanto, la canna gigante e l'ortica, hanno ruoli importanti e necessari per la bioeconomia, riducendo al minimo i potenziali effetti negativi. Queste colture da biomassa hanno le seguenti caratteristiche: 1) elevato rapporto tra produzione energetica e input, bassa necessità di interventi agronomici come l'irrigazione, 2) capacità di crescere su terreni marginali sottoutilizzati per ridurre al minimo la pressione sulla produzione alimentare, 3) maggiori opportunità di sviluppo rurale e diversificazione. Pertanto, è essenziale creare colture energetiche che abbiano rese elevate e siano resistenti alle sfide ambientali. In particolare, la siccità e i metalli pesanti sono uno dei maggiori fattori che riducono la produttività delle colture a livello globale e possono contribuire a rendere marginale la terra. Allo stesso modo, la co-coltura di ortica e pioppo può essere l'approccio migliore per aiutare lo stress ambientale, ad esempio la siccità, e negli ultimi anni ha ricevuto una seria attenzione sull'agricoltura diversificata per utilizzare le risorse in modo efficiente rispetto al sistema di coltivazione della sola coltura. La tesi contiene un totale di sei capitoli tra cui l'introduzione generale (capitolo 1) e la discussione generale (capitolo 6). Nella prima parte (capitolo 2°) di questo lavoro, è stato studiato per selezionare la linea ibrida di Miscanthus e il clone di canna gigante più tolleranti tra i sette ibridi e cloni rispettivamente sotto stress di siccità e zinco (Zn). In questo lavoro sono stati analizzati diversi parametri morfologici, fisiologici e biochimici e conclusi sulla base dell'analisi delle componenti principali (PCA) e dell'analisi dei cluster gerarchici (HCA) in base al loro valore dell'indice di tolleranza allo stress (STI). La seconda parte (capitolo 3) di questo lavoro considera il genotipo di Miscanthus più tollerante contro la siccità e lo stress Zn dal nostro studio precedente, sotto siccità, solo stress Zn e combinazione di entrambi gli stress. In questo studio abbiamo mirato a capire se la linea ibrida di Miscanthus più tollerante nei confronti della siccità e dello Zn possa fornire tolleranza a combinazioni di stress sulla base di parametri metabolomici, di scambio gassoso, morfologici e fisiologici. La terza parte (capitolo 4) di questo lavoro era simile al nostro primo lavoro, ma abbiamo usato le piante di ortica invece di Miscanthus e canna gigante sotto siccità e Zn stress. Lo scopo di questo studio di selezionare il genotipo di ortica più tollerante tra i sette cloni sottoposti a siccità e Zn stress sulla base di numerosi parametri morfologici, fisiologici e biochimici e infine per la quantificazione dei metalli nel germoglio di ortica, ICP-MS sono stati eseguiti. E concludere sulla base di PCA e HCA in base al valore STI. L'ultima parte (capitolo 5) del lavoro ha indagato le potenzialità dell'ortica e del pioppo nelle co-colture durante lo stress da siccità. In questo studio abbiamo mirato a verificare le diverse interazioni sotterranee nelle co-colture e le loro biomasse per concludere che le co-colture aiutano o meno nella resistenza allo stress da siccità e il loro potenziale di resa. In questo studio abbiamo eseguito l'analisi microbiologica (dsDNA ed enzimatica), C/N, architettura della radice, fluorescenza e diversi parametri morfologici e abbiamo concluso sulla base dell'analisi decisionale a criteri multipli (MCDA)
Ali, A., Drought and heavy metal tolerance in perennial biomass crops, 2023-06-05T00:01:00Z [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/285240]
Drought and heavy metal tolerance in perennial biomass crops
Ali, Amjad
2023
Abstract
To produce a sustainable biomass, perennial biomass crops for instance Miscanthus, giant reed and nettle have important roles and necessary for the bio-economy while also minimizing any potential negative effects. These biomass crops have the following characteristics: 1) High energy output to input ratios, a low need for agronomic interventions like irrigation, 2) ability to grow on underutilized marginal land to minimize pressure on food production, 3) expanding opportunities for rural development and diversification. Therefore, it is essential to create energy crops that have high yields and are resistant to environmental challenges. Particularly, drought and heavy metals is one of the biggest factors reducing crop productivity globally and may contribute to land becoming marginal. Similarly co-cropping of nettle and poplar may be the best approach to assist the environmental stress for instance drought and got a serious attention in recent years on diversified agriculture to utilize the resources in efficient way as compared to sole-cropping cropping system. Thesis contains total six chapters including the general introduction (chapter 1st) and general discussion (chapter 6th). In the first part (chapter 2nd) of this work, it was investigated to select the most tolerant Miscanthus hybrid line and giant reed clone among the seven hybrids and clones respectively under drought and zinc (Zn) stress. In this work several morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters were analysed and conclude on the basis of Principal component analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) base on their stress tolerance index (STI) value. The second part (chapter 3rd) of this work consider the most tolerant genotype of Miscanthus against drought and Zn stress from our previous study, under drought, Zn stress alone and combination of both stress. In this study we aimed to understand whether the most tolerant hybrid line of Miscanthus against drought and Zn may deliver tolerance to combinations of stress on the basis of metabolomics, gas exchange, morphological and physiological parameters. The third part (chapter 4th) of this work was similar to our first work, but hare we used the nettle plants instead of Miscanthus and giant reed under drought and Zn stress. The aimed of this study to select the most tolerant genotype of nettle among the seven clones under drought and Zn stress on the basis of several morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters and finally for the quantification of the metals in the shoot of nettle, ICP-MS were performed. And conclude on the basis of PCA and HCA based on the STI value. The last part (chapter 5th) of the work investigated the potentialities of nettles and poplar in co-cropping cultures during the drought stress. In this study we aimed to check the several belowground interaction in co-cropping and their biomasses to conclude that either the co-crop help in the resistance of drought stress or not and their yield potentials. In this study we performed the microbiological analysis (dsDNA and enzymatic), C/N, root architecture, fluorescence and several morphological parameters and conclude on the basis of multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA)File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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