This research work analyzes the origins and the current regulation of “working time” with a view to protecting the health and safety of those who works through digital platforms. Although working time have experienced a phase of crisis in the performance of its functions even before the advent of the gig-economy, the latter has made the distinction between work times and rest times even more uncertain, resulting in greater difficulty in ensuring compliance with the maximum duration of work, as defined by law and collective bargaining. From the analysis of national and international jurisprudence, it emerged, in fact, that the unprecedented methods of carrying out the service, together with the formal freedom assigned to workers in choosing the place and time of execution of the work, affect the qualification process of the employment relationship, preventing the application of the protective statute of the subordinate worker, and therefore the application of the regulation of working time for the purpose of protecting the health and safety of the worker. Taking into consideration the resistance to overcoming the dichotomous system based on the distinction between subordinate and self-employed work, which has also emerged in the most recent interventions by the European Union legislator, this research reflects on the possibility, on the one hand, of intervening on the notion of working hours, to increase the protection of the health of employees who operate with the use of digital technologies; on the other hand, with reference to workers who do not fall within the case of subordination, on the need to separate the qualification of times for the purpose of protecting the health and safety of the worker, as a fundamental right due to all workers, from the qualification of the relationship for the application of the protective statute of subordinate work.
Il presente lavoro di ricerca analizza le origini e la vigente disciplina dell’orario di lavoro nell’ottica della tutela della salute e sicurezza del lavoratore che opera mediante piattaforme digitali. Sebbene l’orario di lavoro abbia conosciuto una fase di crisi nell’assolvimento delle sue funzioni già prima dell’avvento della gig-economy, quest’ultima ha reso ancor più incerta la distinzione tra tempi di lavoro e tempi di riposo, con conseguente maggior difficoltà di garantire il rispetto della durata massima della prestazione, così come definita dalla legge e dalla contrattazione collettiva. Dall’analisi della giurisprudenza nazionale e sovranazionale è emerso, infatti, che le inedite modalità di svolgimento della prestazione, unitamente alla formale libertà assegnata ai prestatori nella scelta del luogo e del tempo dell’esecuzione della prestazione, incidano sul processo di qualificazione, impendendo l’applicazione dello statuto protettivo del lavoratore subordinato, e dunque l’applicazione della disciplina dell’orario di lavoro ai fini della tutela della salute e della sicurezza del lavoratore. Preso atto della resistenza verso il superamento del sistema dicotomico basato sulla distinzione tra lavoro subordinato e autonomo, emersa anche nei più recenti interventi del legislatore comunitario, si riflette sulla possibilità, da un lato, di intervenire sulla nozione di orario di lavoro, per incrementare la tutela della salute degli stessi lavoratori subordinati che operano con l’utilizzo di tecnologie digitali; dall’altro lato, con riferimento ai lavoratori che non rientrano nella fattispecie della subordinazione, sulla necessità di scindere la qualificazione dei tempi ai fini di tutela della salute e della sicurezza del lavoratore, quale diritto fondamentale spettante a tutti i lavoratori, dalla qualificazione del rapporto per l’applicazione dello statuto protettivo del lavoro subordinato.
GHIANI, FRANCESCA, TEMPO DI LAVORO E TECNOLOGIE DIGITALI, LOI, PIERA, OCCHINO, ANTONELLA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milano:Ciclo XXXIV [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/285953]
TEMPO DI LAVORO E TECNOLOGIE DIGITALI
Ghiani, Francesca
2022
Abstract
This research work analyzes the origins and the current regulation of “working time” with a view to protecting the health and safety of those who works through digital platforms. Although working time have experienced a phase of crisis in the performance of its functions even before the advent of the gig-economy, the latter has made the distinction between work times and rest times even more uncertain, resulting in greater difficulty in ensuring compliance with the maximum duration of work, as defined by law and collective bargaining. From the analysis of national and international jurisprudence, it emerged, in fact, that the unprecedented methods of carrying out the service, together with the formal freedom assigned to workers in choosing the place and time of execution of the work, affect the qualification process of the employment relationship, preventing the application of the protective statute of the subordinate worker, and therefore the application of the regulation of working time for the purpose of protecting the health and safety of the worker. Taking into consideration the resistance to overcoming the dichotomous system based on the distinction between subordinate and self-employed work, which has also emerged in the most recent interventions by the European Union legislator, this research reflects on the possibility, on the one hand, of intervening on the notion of working hours, to increase the protection of the health of employees who operate with the use of digital technologies; on the other hand, with reference to workers who do not fall within the case of subordination, on the need to separate the qualification of times for the purpose of protecting the health and safety of the worker, as a fundamental right due to all workers, from the qualification of the relationship for the application of the protective statute of subordinate work.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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