A plant disease model is a simplification of the relationships between pathogen, host, and environment that determine whether and how an epidemic develops over time. The present dissertation aims to develop mechanistic, dynamic, weather-driven models, which are suitable to be applied in precision crop protection, for important diseases affecting wheat and legumes in a crop rotation scenario. By exploitation of literature and application of system analysis, information concerning the pathosystem were acquired and analyzed to conceptualize and develop the model both theoretically and mathematically. The following pathogens were considered: i) Ascochyta rabiei causing Ascochyta blight in chickpea; ii) Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici causing stem (or black) rust of wheat; iii) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a polyphagous specie causing diseases in several legumes and industrial crops (e.g., white mold of white bean and soybean, stem rot of canola, head rot of sunflower). Models were evaluated using independent data for their ability to predict the occurrence and development of epidemics, under different environmental conditions. The comparison of model predictions versus real data observed in fields showed that models could be considered accurate and robust and, therefore, they may be used to help growers in making decisions to efficiently protect their crops. The present dissertation contains also results of a literature review carried out on temperature requirements of Colletotrichum spp., which involves several species causing anthracnose on legumes and several industrial crops. Temperature-dependent equations were developed for four biological processes (mycelial growth, germination of spores, spore infection, and spore production) of major phylogenetic clades of Colletotrichum spp.. This work may lay the foundation for the development of a general, mechanistic, dynamic, weather-driven model for Colletotrichum spp. based on the intra-clade similarities.
In patologia vegetale, un modello epidemiologico è una rappresentazione semplificata delle relazioni tra patogeno, ospite e ambiente che determinano se, quando e come un’epidemia si sviluppa nel tempo. La presente tesi raccoglie lo sviluppo di modelli meccanicistici, dinamici, guidati da variabili ambientali (weather-driven), che possono essere utilizzati per la difesa di precisione dalle principali malattie di frumento e leguminose in rotazione colture. Tramite l’applicazione dell’analisi dei sistemi alle informazioni contenute nella letteratura scientifica, ogni patosistema è stato analizzato e concettualizzato per lo sviluppo teoretico e matematico del modello. I seguenti patogeni sono stati considerati per lo sviluppo dei modelli: i) Ascochyta rabiei agente causale della rabbia (Ascochyta blight) del cece; ii) Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici agente causale della ruggine nera del grano; iii) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, una specie polifaga e agente causale di diverse malattie di leguminose e colture industriali (es. marciume bianco di fagiolo e soia, muffa bianca del colza, sclerotiniosi del girasole). La capacità previsionale dei modelli è stata valutata utilizzando dati reali indipendenti raccolti in diversi condizioni ambientali ed epidemiologiche. Dal confronto tra le predizioni e i dati reali di campo, i modelli si sono rivelati accurati e robusti e, quindi, utilizzabili dagli agricoltori nei processi decisionali per la protezione delle colture. La presente tesi contiene anche i risultati di una revisione della letteratura sulle esigenze termiche del genere Colletotrichum, contenente numerosi agenti causali dell’antracnosi di leguminose e diverse colture industriali. L’effetto della temperatura su quattro processi biologici (crescita miceliale, germinazione delle spore, infezione e sporulazione) è stato modellizzato per i maggiori gruppi filogenetici di Colletotrichum spp.. Questo lavoro getta le basi per lo sviluppo di un modello meccanicistico, dinamico, weather-driven generalizzato per Colletotrichum spp. sulla base delle similarità entro i gruppi filogenetici.
SALOTTI, IRENE, Development of epidemiological models for wheat and legumes in crop rotation, ROSSI, VITTORIO, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza:Ciclo XXXIV [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/285857]
Development of epidemiological models for wheat and legumes in crop rotation
Salotti, Irene
2022
Abstract
A plant disease model is a simplification of the relationships between pathogen, host, and environment that determine whether and how an epidemic develops over time. The present dissertation aims to develop mechanistic, dynamic, weather-driven models, which are suitable to be applied in precision crop protection, for important diseases affecting wheat and legumes in a crop rotation scenario. By exploitation of literature and application of system analysis, information concerning the pathosystem were acquired and analyzed to conceptualize and develop the model both theoretically and mathematically. The following pathogens were considered: i) Ascochyta rabiei causing Ascochyta blight in chickpea; ii) Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici causing stem (or black) rust of wheat; iii) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a polyphagous specie causing diseases in several legumes and industrial crops (e.g., white mold of white bean and soybean, stem rot of canola, head rot of sunflower). Models were evaluated using independent data for their ability to predict the occurrence and development of epidemics, under different environmental conditions. The comparison of model predictions versus real data observed in fields showed that models could be considered accurate and robust and, therefore, they may be used to help growers in making decisions to efficiently protect their crops. The present dissertation contains also results of a literature review carried out on temperature requirements of Colletotrichum spp., which involves several species causing anthracnose on legumes and several industrial crops. Temperature-dependent equations were developed for four biological processes (mycelial growth, germination of spores, spore infection, and spore production) of major phylogenetic clades of Colletotrichum spp.. This work may lay the foundation for the development of a general, mechanistic, dynamic, weather-driven model for Colletotrichum spp. based on the intra-clade similarities.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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