In agriculture, pesticides have been frequently used to protect crops from pest and disease attacks. Many times such pesticides, besides killing the target organisms, hit non-target organisms. Among the non-target organisms, we can find many useful microorganisms that determine fertility and soil quality. The presence of these xenobiotics in soil can influence the main biogeochemical cycles (N, C, S, P) and other metabolic pathways (eg. Β-ketoadipate). In this study, we investigated the effects of isoproturon, tebuconazole and chlorpyrifos on the abundance, the structure and the diversity of the microbial community. We have also studied the effects of these pesticides on the genes involved in the nitrogen cycle. It was observed that the abundance of the bacterial community is significantly affected by the application of the fungicide tebuconazole. As for the studies on the functionality and the diversity of the bacterial population, the application of these pesticides does not seem to induce a clear dose-dependent nor a time effect. On the contrary, with respect to the analysis on microbial diversity, we observed that the application of these three pesticides did influence the number of detected OTU, whereas the diversity index (H') tells us that the use of such pesticides leads to an increase of diversity within the treated samples. Finally, we can conclude that the application of these pesticides affects the abundance and function of the microbial population, but does not lead to lower diversity within the same community.
In agricoltura, i pesticidi sono stati usati molto frequentemente per salvaguardare le colture dagli attacchi di parassiti e dalle malattie. Questi pesticidi, oltre a uccidere gli organismi target, molte volte colpiscono anche gli organismi non-target. Tra gli organismi non-target, possiamo individuare molti microrganismi utili a determinare la fertilità e la qualità del terreno. La presenza di questi xenobiotici nel terreno può influenzare i principali cicli biogeochimici (N, C, S, P) e altre vie metaboliche (es. β-ketoadipate). In questo studio abbiamo analizzato gli effetti di isoproturon, tebuconazole e chlorpyrifos sull’abbondanza, sulla struttura e sulla diversità della comunità microbica. Inoltre, abbiamo anche studiato gli effetti di questi pesticidi sui geni coinvolti nel ciclo dell’azoto. Si è potuto notare che l’abbondanza della comunità batterica è molto influenzata dall’applicazione del fungicida tebuconazole . Per quanto riguarda gli studi sulla funzionalità e diversità della popolazione microbica, l’applicazione di questi pesticidi sembra non indurre una chiara dose-dipendente e un effetto tempo. Diversamente, in relazione all’analisi sulla diversità microbica, possiamo affermare che l’applicazione di questi tre pesticidi ha influenzato il numero di OTU rilevate; tuttavia, l’indice di diversità (H’) ci dice che l’uso di questi pesticidi porta ad un incremento della diversità all’interno dei campioni trattati. In conclusione, è possibile affermare che l’applicazione di questi pesticidi influenza l’abbondanza e la funzionalità della popolazione microbica, ma non induce una diminuzione della diversità all’interno della medesima comunità.
PERTILE, GIORGIA, COULD PESTICIDE APPLICATION AFFECT ABUNDANCE, STRUCTURE, BIODIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONALITY OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY?, TREVISAN, MARCO, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza:Ciclo XXVIII [https://hdl.handle.net/10807/285394]
COULD PESTICIDE APPLICATION AFFECT ABUNDANCE, STRUCTURE, BIODIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONALITY OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY?
Pertile, Giorgia
2016
Abstract
In agriculture, pesticides have been frequently used to protect crops from pest and disease attacks. Many times such pesticides, besides killing the target organisms, hit non-target organisms. Among the non-target organisms, we can find many useful microorganisms that determine fertility and soil quality. The presence of these xenobiotics in soil can influence the main biogeochemical cycles (N, C, S, P) and other metabolic pathways (eg. Β-ketoadipate). In this study, we investigated the effects of isoproturon, tebuconazole and chlorpyrifos on the abundance, the structure and the diversity of the microbial community. We have also studied the effects of these pesticides on the genes involved in the nitrogen cycle. It was observed that the abundance of the bacterial community is significantly affected by the application of the fungicide tebuconazole. As for the studies on the functionality and the diversity of the bacterial population, the application of these pesticides does not seem to induce a clear dose-dependent nor a time effect. On the contrary, with respect to the analysis on microbial diversity, we observed that the application of these three pesticides did influence the number of detected OTU, whereas the diversity index (H') tells us that the use of such pesticides leads to an increase of diversity within the treated samples. Finally, we can conclude that the application of these pesticides affects the abundance and function of the microbial population, but does not lead to lower diversity within the same community.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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