The only country in sub-Saharan Africa to be characterized not only by its long-defended independence, but also by its non-European Christian roots, Ethiopia had found its stability in the formula of the confessional state, legitimized by the Ethiopian Church, direct filiation of the Egyptian Coptic. The essay analyzes the Ethiopian parable during the last long reign of Hailé Selassié, highlighting the cohabitative problems generated by the ethnic-religious fragmentation and the contradictions arising from a state conception, whose confessional character was destined to clash with social and policies of the twentieth century, with the secessionist pressures and the new secularist instances spread in the country. The reform efforts, initiated by Hailé Selassié since the 1920s, and the international successes achieved in the 1960s with the Pan-Africanist leadership failed to compensate for the elements of internal crisis - primarily economic, but also religious and political - and ended up breaking against the will to preserve the traditional Christian-Amhara foundation of the imperial building and sovereign authority. On the other hand, the inability of the new opposition movements to transform into party organizations, and therefore to initiate political struggles, left the role of arbiter of the crisis to the army: the coup d'état of 1974 marked the epilogue definitive of a state that for centuries, in Africa, had founded independence and stability on ethnic-religious identity, a factor that proved fatal in changing the social and political context.

Unico paese dell’Africa subsahariana a caratterizzarsi, oltre che per un’indipendenza a lungo difesa, anche per le sue radici cristiane non d’importazione europea, l’Etiopia aveva trovato la sua stabilità nella formula dello Stato confessionale, legittimato dalla Chiesa etiopica, diretta filiazione di quella copta egiziana. Il saggio analizza la parabola etiopica durante l’ultimo lungo regno di Hailé Selassié, ponendo in luce i problemi coabitativi generati dalla frammentazione etnico-religiosa e le contraddizioni scaturite da una concezione statuale, il cui carattere confessionale era destinato a scontrarsi con le trasformazioni sociali e politiche del ‘900, con le spinte secessioniste e le nuove istanze laiciste diffuse nel paese. I tentativi riformatori, avviati da Hailé Selassié sin dagli anni ’20, ed i successi internazionali raggiunti negli anni ’60 con la leadership panafricanista non riuscirono a compensare gli elementi di crisi interna – innanzitutto economica, ma anche religiosa e politica – e finirono per infrangersi contro la volontà di conservare il tradizionale fondamento cristiano-amhara dell’edificio imperiale e dell’autorità sovrana. D’altro lato, l’incapacità dei nuovi movimenti di opposizione di trasformarsi in organizzazioni partitiche, e quindi di avviare lotte rivendicative sul piano politico, lasciarono all’esercito il ruolo di arbitro della crisi: il colpo di Stato del 1974 segnò l’epilogo definitivo di uno Stato che per secoli, in Africa, aveva fondato l’indipendenza e la stabilità sull’identità etnico-religiosa, fattore che risultò fatale nel mutare del contesto sociale e politico.

Borruso, P., Chiesa e Stato nell'Etiopia contemporanea, in Borruso, P. (ed.), Etiopia.Un cristianesimo africano, Leonardo International, Milano 2011: 85- 104 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/6989]

Chiesa e Stato nell'Etiopia contemporanea

Borruso, Paolo
2011

Abstract

The only country in sub-Saharan Africa to be characterized not only by its long-defended independence, but also by its non-European Christian roots, Ethiopia had found its stability in the formula of the confessional state, legitimized by the Ethiopian Church, direct filiation of the Egyptian Coptic. The essay analyzes the Ethiopian parable during the last long reign of Hailé Selassié, highlighting the cohabitative problems generated by the ethnic-religious fragmentation and the contradictions arising from a state conception, whose confessional character was destined to clash with social and policies of the twentieth century, with the secessionist pressures and the new secularist instances spread in the country. The reform efforts, initiated by Hailé Selassié since the 1920s, and the international successes achieved in the 1960s with the Pan-Africanist leadership failed to compensate for the elements of internal crisis - primarily economic, but also religious and political - and ended up breaking against the will to preserve the traditional Christian-Amhara foundation of the imperial building and sovereign authority. On the other hand, the inability of the new opposition movements to transform into party organizations, and therefore to initiate political struggles, left the role of arbiter of the crisis to the army: the coup d'état of 1974 marked the epilogue definitive of a state that for centuries, in Africa, had founded independence and stability on ethnic-religious identity, a factor that proved fatal in changing the social and political context.
2011
Italiano
Etiopia.Un cristianesimo africano
978-88-96440-15-5
Leonardo International
Borruso, P., Chiesa e Stato nell'Etiopia contemporanea, in Borruso, P. (ed.), Etiopia.Un cristianesimo africano, Leonardo International, Milano 2011: 85- 104 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/6989]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10807/6989
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