This work focuses on Hellenistic and Roman epigrams dedicated to three lyric poets who were born or died (or both) in Italy: Ibycus, Stesichorus and Simonides. Although included in the canon of the Nine Lyric Poets (AP 9.184 and AP 9.571), and frequently quoted and praised in the scholastic and rhetorical environment, these three authors did not enjoy the same popularity as their ‘colleagues’ Anacreon, Sappho and Pindar as ‘stock characters’ celebrated in epigram. For some reason epigrammatists found inspiration mainly in their death or burials, often linked to mysterious or peculiar circumstances that now defy interpretation: Ibycus’ violent death and ‘miraculous’ vengeance by a flock of cranes, an episode which finds an echo in a Pythagorean tale and which later passed into the realm of proverb, inspiring a dramatic ballad by Schiller; Stesichorus’ complex mausoleum, a peculiar Hellenistic creation probably influenced by Pythagorean symbolism, which left traces in a motto (Panta okto) and in the traditions of medieval and modern Catania; the violation of Simonides’ grave and its punishment (also related to a proverb, “Do not move Camarina”), described by the poet himself in a Callimachean aition which, until the first half of the twentieth century, was believed to be an epigram. After Late Antiquity, the memory of these lyric poets survived for centuries preserved in anecdotal tales, random quotations and a few epigrams, even when their poems, bodies and monumental graves had been destroyed by time and human impiety. Buried in papyri and in the manuscripts of epigrammatic anthologies, Ibycus, Stesichorus and Simonides would need a few more centuries to rise again from their grave as wise men and lyric poets.

Questo lavoro si concentra su epigrammi d’età ellenistica romana dedicati a tre poeti lirici nati o defunti (o entrambe le cose) in Italia: Ibico, Stesicoro e Simonide. Sebbene inclusi nel canone dei Nove Lirici (vd. (A.P. 9.184 e A.P. 9.571), e spesso citati e celebrati in ambiente scolastico e retorico, questi tre autori non hanno goduto della stessa popolarità dei loro “colleghi” Anacreonte, Saffo e Pindaro come “personaggi tipici” dell’epigramma. Gli epigrammisti si ispirarono prevalentemente alla loro morte o alla loro sepoltura, spesso avvenute in circostanze particolari o misteriose ancora senza una spiegazione: la morte violenta di Ibico e la sua “miracolosa” vendetta ad opera di uno stormo di gru, un episodio che trova eco in un racconto pitagorico e più tardi diede origine ad un’espressione proverbiale, ispirando persino una ballata di Schiller; il complesso mausoleo di Stesicoro, una singolare creazione ellenistica probabilmente influenzata dal simbolismo pitagorico, che lasciò tracce in un motto (Panta okto) e nelle tradizioni della Catania medievale e moderna; la violazione della tomba di Simonide e la sua punizione (anch’essa in relazione ad un proverbio, “non spostare Camarina”), descritte da un aition callimacheo che, fino alla prima metà del XX secolo si credeva fosse un epigramma. Dopo la tarda antichità, la memoria di questi poeti lirici sopravvisse per secoli in racconti aneddotici, citazioni sparse e alcuni epigrammi, anche quando i loro poemi, i loro corpi e le loro tombe monumentali erano andati perduti a causa del passare del tempo e dell’umana empietà. Sepolti nei papiri e nei codici delle antologie epigrammatiche, Ibico, Stesicoro e Simonide avranno bisogno di altri secoli per risorgere dalle loro tombe come poeti e sapienti.

Barbantani, S., Three Burials (Ibycus, Stesichorus, Simonides). Facts and fiction about lyric poets in Magna Graecia in the epigrams of the Greek Anthology., Edizioni Dell'Orso, Alessandria 2010:<<HELLENICA>>, 128 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/2057]

Three Burials (Ibycus, Stesichorus, Simonides). Facts and fiction about lyric poets in Magna Graecia in the epigrams of the Greek Anthology.

Barbantani, Silvia
2010

Abstract

This work focuses on Hellenistic and Roman epigrams dedicated to three lyric poets who were born or died (or both) in Italy: Ibycus, Stesichorus and Simonides. Although included in the canon of the Nine Lyric Poets (AP 9.184 and AP 9.571), and frequently quoted and praised in the scholastic and rhetorical environment, these three authors did not enjoy the same popularity as their ‘colleagues’ Anacreon, Sappho and Pindar as ‘stock characters’ celebrated in epigram. For some reason epigrammatists found inspiration mainly in their death or burials, often linked to mysterious or peculiar circumstances that now defy interpretation: Ibycus’ violent death and ‘miraculous’ vengeance by a flock of cranes, an episode which finds an echo in a Pythagorean tale and which later passed into the realm of proverb, inspiring a dramatic ballad by Schiller; Stesichorus’ complex mausoleum, a peculiar Hellenistic creation probably influenced by Pythagorean symbolism, which left traces in a motto (Panta okto) and in the traditions of medieval and modern Catania; the violation of Simonides’ grave and its punishment (also related to a proverb, “Do not move Camarina”), described by the poet himself in a Callimachean aition which, until the first half of the twentieth century, was believed to be an epigram. After Late Antiquity, the memory of these lyric poets survived for centuries preserved in anecdotal tales, random quotations and a few epigrams, even when their poems, bodies and monumental graves had been destroyed by time and human impiety. Buried in papyri and in the manuscripts of epigrammatic anthologies, Ibycus, Stesichorus and Simonides would need a few more centuries to rise again from their grave as wise men and lyric poets.
2010
Inglese
Monografia o trattato scientifico
Edizioni Dell'Orso
Barbantani, S., Three Burials (Ibycus, Stesichorus, Simonides). Facts and fiction about lyric poets in Magna Graecia in the epigrams of the Greek Anthology., Edizioni Dell'Orso, Alessandria 2010:<<HELLENICA>>, 128 [http://hdl.handle.net/10807/2057]
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