Incomplete revascularization and long-term survival after coronary artery bypass surgery

Background We sought to investigate the impact of incomplete revascularization (IR) on long-term survival after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The possible interaction between IR and off-pump surgery was also explored. Methods A total of 13,701 patients with multivessel disease undergoing CABG were included in the analysis. All patients received left internal thoracic artery (LITA) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) territory. IR was defined as at least one diseased arterial territory (right coronary artery [RCA] and/or circumflex [CX] artery) incompletely revascularized. Results Overall, 3107 (22.7%) patients received IR. After propensity score matching, IR did not increase all-cause death in the overall group (HR 1.09; 95%CI 0.96–1.22; P = 0.17). However, when both RCA and CX artery were incompletely revascularized, late survival was significantly lower (HR 2.15; 95%CI 1.57–2.93). IR was associated with a higher risk of death after off-pump (HR 1.26; 95%CI 1.05–1.49) regardless the extent of IR. After on-pump, IR significantly affected survival only when both RCA and CX artery only were incompletely revascularized (HR 2.32; 95%CI 1.27–4.22). Conclusions The present analysis shows that in patients with LITA-LAD graft the impact of IR on survival is marginal when only one coronary territory is left ungrafted. When both the RCA and CX territory remain unrevascularized the survival rate is significantly reduced. IR after off-pump CABG is associated with significantly lower survival and affects long-term outcome even when only one coronary territory is not revascularized.