https://hdl.handle.net/10807/83123 2026-07-05T21:13:21Z 2026-07-05T21:13:21Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/341623 2026-07-03T02:33:22Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Overview of Ankle Arthropathy in Hereditary Hemochromatosis Autori: Calori, Sara; Comisi, Chiara; Mascio, Antonio; Fulchignoni, Camillo; Pataia, Elisabetta; Maccauro, Giulio; Greco, Tommaso; Perisano, Carlo Abstract: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by tissue overload of iron. Clinical systemic manifestations in HH include liver disease, cardiomyopathy, skin pigmentation, diabetes mellitus, erectile dysfunction, hypothyroidism, and arthropathy. Arthropathy with joint pain is frequently reported at diagnosis and mainly involves the metacarpophalangeal and ankle joints, and more rarely, the hip and knee. Symptoms in ankle joints are in most cases non-specific, and they can range from pain and swelling of the ankle to deformities and joint destruction. Furthermore, the main radiological signs do not differ from those of primary osteoarthritis (OA). Limited data are available in the literature regarding treatment; surgery seems to be the gold standard for ankle arthropathy in HH. Pharmacological treatments used to maintain iron homeostasis can also be undertaken to prevent the arthropathy, but conclusive data are not yet available. This review aimed to assess the ankle arthropathy in the context of HH, including all its aspects: epidemiology, physiopathology, clinical and imaging presentation, and all the treatments available to the current state of knowledge.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/340231 2026-06-24T00:33:36Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: CHALLENGING THE RULES OF INFLUENCER MARKETING: EMERGING SENSITIVITIES AROUND CHILDREN'S PRESENCE IN FAMILY INFLUENCERS PROFILES Autori: Locatelli, Elisabetta; Coman, Alessandra Abstract: The rise of the creator economy has led mom and family influencers to integrate their children into their online narratives, enhancing their relatability and commercial value. Through emotional connection with audiences, influencers secure partnerships and build their brands. Children presence raises ethical concerns, including privacy threats, commodification of intimacy, and the pressures of algorithm-driven content production. The research investigates how family influencers negotiate the imperative to share their children and whether resistance emerges among influencers and users. The study adopts a multi-method approach employing: content analysis of Instagram and TikTok posts published by family influencers; a survey targeted mothers with at least a child aged 0-5 years; in-depth interviews with mothers and influencers. Findings reveal a constant presence of children visibility in influencers' content with children also are actively involved in sponsored posts and stories. Opinions about children's inclusion in visual content are mixed, with questionnaire and interviews showing that some think that it is acceptable, while other objects that risks are too high. Influencers who do not share pictures of their children acknowledge the potential sponsorship losses. The study suggests a growing awareness of digital privacy risks, where financial incentives compete with ethical considerations.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/339447 2026-06-30T21:49:03Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Gender trends in Multiple Sclerosis over the last 25 years: Real-World Evidence from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Register Autori: Paletta, P; Santucci, C; Mosconi, P; Lepore, V; Bergamaschi, R; Tavazzi, E Abstract: Introduction Sex and gender play a relevant role in several diseases at many levels. Greater attention to the actual differences in men’s and women’s health risks, health status, and access to services is critically important for improving the performance of health systems. Without explicit attention to the different health needs of men and women, equitable goals in terms of access to care and treatment will be difficult to achieve. Objectives To analyze differences between males and females in treatment and clinical outcomes of people with MS (pwMS) registered in the Italian Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Register (RISM). Methods Data from 11,208 male and 22,414 female pwMS with onset after 2000 and complete sociodemographic and clinical information were extracted from the RISM. A 1:1 propensity score matching analysis was conducted using logistic regression, with first EDSS assessment, age at onset, first disease course, year of first DMT prescription, and follow-up as covariates. Results The matching led to 11,208 pairs. The median time from onset to diagnosis was approximately 9 months for both sexes. The median time from diagnosis to the first DMT prescription was 2.6 months for males and 2.8 months for females (p-value <0.0001). Significant differences were found in the DMT administration modalities (injection: 64.9% males vs 67.4% females; oral: and 23.6% males vs 21.4% females), last disease course (relapsing remitting: 84.8% males vs 87.0% females secondary progressive: 7.8% males vs 5.7% females), last EDSS (low: 69.0% males vs 71.0% females; high 7.2% males vs 5.8% females) and annualized relapse rate (median AAR: 0.24 in males and 0.27 in females). Conclusions After propensity score matching, significant differences between males and females emerged, consistent with patterns well-documented in the existing literature. Females were more likely to develop a relapsing remitting MS course, whereas males were more prone to develop a secondary progressive MS. This is critically linked to a higher AAR in women and a higher last EDSS score in men. Despite a significant difference between times from diagnosis to first DMT (±0.33 months), this data lacks of clinical relevance. Notably, differences in DMT administration were observed, with males receiving more oral and fewer injection drugs than females. These findings suggest that, within this cohort, gender disparities do not appear to influence the access to or quality of MS care.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/338766 2026-07-05T06:57:59Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: New Trajectories of Warfare in Space: An Analysis of Strategic and Legal Dynamics Regarding Sovereign Satellite Systems in the Military Domain Autori: Riccardo Ricchetti; Giorgio Cardile; Martino Fascendini Abstract: Space constitutes a primary military domain where strategic dynamics intersect with legal ones, and its complexity is multiplied by the growing importance of private actors compared to state actors. In this context, the pinnacle of competition is encapsulated in satellite infrastructures, projections of power policies and enablers of state military capabilities, increasingly framed by pervasive space law, with particular implications for private actors. The growing dependence on commercial satellite communication networks for government and military operations has exposed significant vulnerabilities in national security infrastructures. Incidents such as the cyberattack performed against Viasat Inc’s KA-SAT satellite network on 24 February 2022 with the wiper malware “AcidRain” underscore the risks inherent in outsourcing critical communication capabilities to private entities. Although these networks are not formally classified as weapons, their dual-use nature renders them strategic assets susceptible to cyber and kinetic interference. The blurred boundary between civilian and military domains raises complex questions regarding the applicable international legal framework. Article IX of the Outer Space Treaty mandates that states conduct their space activities in a manner that preserves equal access for all, thereby preventing any unilateral advantage. Nonetheless, assets that provide decisive military benefits (even the ones deployed in space) may qualify as legitimate military targets. Such ambiguities complicate state responsibilities and the interpretation of permissible actions under international law along with jus ad bellum. In light of these challenges, this paper examines the strategic vulnerabilities inherent in non-sovereign satellite communication networks, assesses the risks of relying on commercial providers, and proposes a policy framework that integrates sovereign oversight with commercial innovation derived through a comparative approach between the main existing models (USA and China). The analysis advocates for hybrid communication architectures to ensure both operational efficiency and security, by delving into the new Direct-to-Cell technology and its enormous potential for global connectivity. Moreover, this paper calls for clearer international legal norms to delineate the acceptable exploitation of dual-use space technologies without compromising global stability. Overall, the research underscores the need for a reassessment of national strategies concerning the procurement and integration of space-based communication services, given their evolving role as critical strategic assets in modern conflict scenarios.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z