https://hdl.handle.net/10807/41 2026-10-21T08:37:14Z 2026-10-21T08:37:14Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/349618 2026-10-21T08:26:36Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Maternal and child nutrition insecurity, microbiome, and early neurodevelopment: an intricate interplay. Results from a systematic review Autori: Specchia ML; Beccia F; Cacciuttolo MG; Petrella L; Mungo T; Thiella S; Lucarelli A; Zace D; Di Pietro ML Abstract: Emerging research suggests nutrition insecurity influences microbiome composition, which in turn affects early neurodevelopment through the gut–brain axis. This systematic review aimed to evaluate evidence on these relationships. A comprehensive search of the scientific literature was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies investigating the links between nutrition insecurity in mothers and children, microbiome, and early neurodevelopment were included. Data on maternal characteristics, microbiota composition, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and nutritional status were extracted from eligible studies. The review included 11 studies, primarily cohort studies, conducted in various countries. According to the study findings, gut maternal and infant microbiota composition in early life appear to be closely connected to early neurodevelopment both in terms of cognitive/motor skills and temperament. Nutrition insecurity has a significant influence in shaping these outcomes as it can alter microbiota balance and contribute to gut dysbiosis and delayed neurodevelopmental milestones. Breastfeeding emerges as a crucial factor in modulating the infant microbiome and supporting neurodevelopment. Also, other factors such as pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and environment seem to influence offspring gut colonization and neurodevelopmental outcomes. This systematic review highlights the intricate interplay between maternal and child nutrition insecurity, microbiota, and early neurodevelopment. These findings underscore the critical need for targeted interventions addressing maternal and child nutrition to mitigate the adverse effects of nutrition insecurity and support optimal early-life neurodevelopment. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to explore the causal pathways and to develop nutrition-based strategies to prioritize microbiome health in vulnerable and at-risk populations

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/349617 2026-10-21T08:25:29Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Association between waist-height ratio and hypertension: results from the lookup 8+ study Autori: D'Ignazio, Federica; Giordano, Giulia; Risoli, Antonella; Mastrantoni, Luca; Calvani, Riccardo; Salini, Sara; Russo, Andrea; Galluzzo, Vincenzo; Ciciarello, Francesca; Landi, Francesco Abstract: Introduction: Hypertension is the leading cardiovascular disorder, with central adiposity among its key modifiable determinants. The waist-height ratio (WHtR) has been proposed as an index of central adiposity, yet its association with hypertension and its comparative utility for hypertension screening remains incompletely defined. This study investigated association between WHtR and hypertension and compared its discriminatory performance with body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Methods: A total of 14,415 community-dwelling adults were included in the analysis. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, and/or current antihypertensive therapy. Binomial and multivariate generalized linear models (GLM) assessed association between WHtR and blood pressure, adjusting for sex, age, and five health metrics. ROC curve analyses with DeLong pairwise comparisons evaluated discriminatory performance, stratified by sex. Results:Abnormal WHtR (n = 8,731) was significantly associated with higher SBP (130 vs. 120 mmHg; p < 0.001) and DBP (80 vs. 70 mmHg; p < 0.001), and with greater hypertension prevalence, particularly in older and male participants. Sex-adjusted GLM showed abnormal WHtR negatively associated with normal blood pressure (OR 0.25; p < 0.001), persisting after full adjustment (OR 0.44; p < 0.001). Continuous GLM confirmed positive associations with SBP (β = 6.11 per 0.1-unit increment; p < 0.001) and DBP (β = 2.36; p < 0.001). WHtR demonstrated superior discriminatory accuracy over BMI and WHR overall (AUC 0.7285 vs. 0.6901 vs. 0.6869) and across both sexes, confirmed by DeLong comparisons. Conclusion: WHtR outperforms BMI and WHR in identifying individuals with hypertension across both sexes, supporting its evaluation for cardiovascular screening in community settings.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/349616 2026-10-21T08:20:03Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Prescription of SGLT-2 inhibitors alone or in combination with RAS-inhibitors in patients with diabetes mellitus and comorbid cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease or cardiorenal disease: a real-world evidence study from the REPOSI registry Autori: Lido P.; Ratti S.; Ronchetti C.; Infante M.; Tesauro M.; Mannucci P. M.; Staszewsky L. I.; Nobili A.; Tettamanti M.; Grillo A.; Emmi G.; Castiglia G.; De Colle P.; Zanetti M.; Simion C.; Campello E.; Gagliardo C. M.; Giammanco A.; Cefalù A. B.; Vacca A.; Bulfone L.; Da Porto A.; Marcante S.; Brosolo G.; Catena C.; Sechi L. A.; Portincasa P.; Luglio C. V.; Noto A.; Custodero C.; Di Ciaula A.; Brandolese S.; Di Vincenzo A.; Dassie F.; De Rosa R.; Pirera E.; Di Raimondo D.; Tuttolomondo A.; Buglio A. L.; Bellanti F.; Vendemiale G.; Romano A. D.; Serviddio G.; Guerzoni V.; Messa E.; Pagnozzi F.; Croce E.; Parisi A.; Rrodhe S.; Liuzzi N.; Russomanno F.; Cherubini F.; Tenore S.; De Ciuceis C.; Muiesan M. L.; Cricchio A. L.; Di Cencio C.; De Santis M. C.; Bandini G.; Pignone A. M.; Atzori S. M.; Tilocca P.; De Salve A.; Pace E.; Pari B.; Di Cella S. M.; Gino M.; Porta M.; Pasquero P.; Saeedbhatti R.; Sciammetta F.; Conti F.; Benanti G.; Bussolari C.; Marinosci A.; Vergine I.; Laffranchi M.; Secci M.; Faggiano G.; Calabrese C.; Mahajne J.; Ciocca L.; Venezia R.; Marazzi G.; Deonette G.; Damanti S.; Bozzolo E.; Tresoldi M.; Cacioppo F.; Gonella D.; Gandolfo F.; Pilotto A.; Indiano I.; Terracciano D.; Daniele A.; Pirozzi M. R.; Gionti A.; Cagnetta P.; Roca M.; Donnarumma M. Abstract: Patients with diabetes mellitus and comorbid cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease or cardiorenal disease should be treated with sodium-glucose cotrasporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, alone or in combination with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, in order to reduce their cardiovascular and renal risk. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study using data from the Italian REPOSI registry, including 1372 patients with diabetes aged >= 65 years hospitalized with cardiovascular diseases (heart failure or ischemic heart disease), chronic kidney disease or cardiorenal disease, between 2008 and 2024, with the purpose of analyzing the prescription in these patients of SGLT-2 inhibitors, alone or in combination with RAS-inhibitors, before and after the implementation of Note AIFA 100 in 2022. The prescription of SGLT-2 inhibitors alone and also their combination with RAS-inhibitors is scarce in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular, renal and cardiorenal comorbidities attending internal medicine and geriatric Italian wards, across all eGFR categories, with never users ranging from 96.9% to 98.9%. The regulatory implementation of "Nota AIFA 100" only modestly improved the prescription of SGLT-2 inhibitors in these elderly patients, the improvement being about 14% among never users. The scarce utilization of SGLT-2 inhibitors and their combination with RAS inhibitors is still of clinical concern, owing to the maximization of cardiorenal protection that stems from these drugs in patients with diabetes. The reclassification of SGLT-2 inhibitors in the group of products that can be reimbursed in pharmacies, adopted by AIFA in 2025, is expected to produce greater adherence to these important medications.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/349596 2026-10-21T07:56:32Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Associations between Mediterranean lifestyle and its components with cardiovascular outcomes among community-dwelling older adults Autori: Coelho-Júnior, Hélio José; Marzetti, Emanuele Abstract: Aim: The present study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle (MEDLS) and its individual components with cardiovascular outcomes among older adults in England. Methods: Data from 565 adults aged ≥65 years participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing were analyzed. MEDLS adherence (score range: 0–24) comprised six domains: Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity, water intake, sleep, social isolation, and cooking activities. The outcomes of interest were hypertension, heart attack (myocardial infarction/coronary thrombosis), and stroke. Logistic regression models were used to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations, with analyses adjusted for age and sex. Results: Among 565 participants, 96 had hypertension, 14 had experienced a heart attack, and 10 had experienced a stroke at baseline; 42, 16, and 13 incident cases, respectively, were identified during follow-up. Higher MEDLS adherence was cross-sectionally associated with lower odds of hypertension (OR 0.849, 95% CI 0.722–0.999). No statistically significant longitudinal associations were observed between MEDLS and hypertension (OR 0.990, 95% CI 0.902–1.085), heart attack (OR 0.919, 95% CI 0.707–1.195), or stroke (OR 1.053, 95% CI 0.827–1.341), although the small number of events limited precision. At the component level, Mediterranean diet adherence was associated with lower odds of incident heart attack (OR 0.670, 95% CI 0.454–0.988); However, this finding was considered exploratory. Conclusion: Higher adherence to the MEDLS was associated with lower odds of prevalent hypertension but not with incident cardiovascular outcomes among communitydwelling older adults. At the component level, greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was prospectively associated with lower odds of heart attack; however, given the absence of adjustment for multiple comparisons, this finding should be considered exploratory and requires confirmation in adequately powered studies.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z