https://hdl.handle.net/10807/225 2026-06-23T06:39:34Z 2026-06-23T06:39:34Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/340096 2026-06-23T00:40:10Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Significant decrease of adiponectin plasmatic levels following two different programs of resistance training in healthy and well-trained young adults Autori: Eleonora Martegani; Luigi Marano; Sara Missaglia; Aurora Daniele; Marta Mallardo; Ersilia Nigro; Ferdinando Cereda; Daniela Tavian Abstract: Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that exerts a pleiotropic effect on many tissues and organs, including skeletal muscles, bones, liver, and brain, regulating energy balance, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation processes (1,2). This adipokine is secreted into circulation in three different oligomeric forms: trimers, hexamers, and high-molecular-weight (HMW) oligomers. The HMW form is the most active in the regulation of body weight and energy balance (3). Adiponectin plays a key role in metabolic adaptation induced by physical exercise (4,5). While its regulation after aerobic exercise has been widely investigated, less is known about its short-term modulation after strength training in healthy subjects. In this study, nine resistance-trained young men have been enrolled to perform two different sessions of total-body resistance exercises. The first training session (ETS1) was characterized by high time under tension TUT (5-1-2-1 cadence, to failure), emphasizing the eccentric phase of the movement, while the second (ETS2) had moderate TUT (2-1-2-1 cadence, two repetitions in reserve), representing a traditional submaximal resistance training protocol. Adiponectin concentration was assessed by ELISA in plasma and saliva samples collected before exercise (baseline), upon 15 minutes, 24 and 48 hours of both training sessions. Muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase (CK) and a visual analog scale (VAS) were also measured. Plasma adiponectin decreased significantly following both training sessions of approximatively 15-20% upon 24h and reaching 25% of decrease 48 hours post-exercise (P<0.001). No significant difference of circulating adiponectin levels was detected between ETS1 and ETS2 sessions. Western blot analyses confirmed a decrease in plasma levels of adiponectin, especially HMW oligomers. Salivary adiponectin remained unchanged following both training sessions. Correlation analyses revealed an inverse association between adiponectin and CK during recovery period. Overall, the two sessions of strength training induced a transient and rapid reduction of circulating adiponectin, independent form exercise modality, suggesting an activation of adiponectin signaling determined by acute metabolic stress. This hormone may contribute to inflammatory response during the subsequent recovery phase to repair muscle damage. Moreover, the dissociation between plasma and salivary levels of adipokine indicates its complex regulation. These findings extend existing knowledge on adiponectin and its modulation upon strength training and its potential role in metabolic homeostasis.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/339775 2026-06-20T00:13:36Z 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Hidden Markov Models for Classification of Dynamic Data Autori: Spezia L Abstract: NA

2008-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/339755 2026-06-21T04:59:30Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Readings For Middle School: Lights and Shadows of the 1962 Italian School Reform Through Fiction Autori: Vigutto Lucia Abstract: This study aims to outline the educational changes that were promoted by the reform of the unified middle school in Italy in 1962, using, as a source, the didactic instruments offered to students: fiction books. Italian historiography has extensively studied the Reform, but without dwelling, if not occasionally, on the publishing strategies that followed it. In particular, I am examining a fiction collection called “Letture per la scuola media” [Readings for the middle school] published by Einaudi from 1965 until 1989. I attempt to show how the collection interpreted the spirit of the reform and in some ways anticipated some instances brought forward by the cultural and social movement of the Sixties and Seventies. After a long debate lasting almost a century, the 1859th law of 1962 which established the institution of the unified middle school, was finally approved by the Italian parliament, and welcomed as a practical realization of democracy. The lesson’s plans put the focus on learning the Italian language and literature: it was mandatory to read a modern fiction book. As might be expected, publishers started to design collections of classic novels, reduced in length, with several footnotes and exercises, in order to help students and also teachers with text comprehension. Einaudi, on the contrary, decided to publish books talking about recent history, which appeared in the market in the first edition for adults only few years before. The absolute innovation was to eliminate the exercises and give students the text only with short footnotes and a brief introduction, made by the author himself. The message was clear: “Read, and that’s all”, as said by one of the editors of the publishing house. The study of the correspondence exchanged between authors and editors preserved in the archives has helped to clarify the reason for Einaudi’s choice. According to him, reflecting the political aspirations of the Italian Left, students needed to know about fascism, antifascism, and the war, to make them understand the value of political participation and actively realise the democratic purpose of the Reform. Einaudi, also, thought that the new students were different and should be treated as adults, guessing the generational conflict that was about to break out. In conclusion, we might say that the collection was an ambitious project, maybe too risky for the times. As a matter of fact, unfortunately, some cuts had been made to the texts. The authors themselves removed from their works those expressions and references, concerning sex and religion in particular, that might have appeared inappropriate to the teachers. Einaudi had to deal with the conservatism of some teachers, but he also intended to give some others instruments to rediscover the social importance of their job, since the reform had left them to outline their lessons with complete autonomy and without guidelines and they had the opportunity challenge the students. This would have had consequences on the political orientation of the teachers during the Seventies and also on Italian culture in general.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/339750 2026-06-20T00:13:17Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: No More Textbooks: A Publishing Mishap In The Cultural Revolution Of The Sixties Autori: Lucia Vigutto Abstract: This study aims to outline how the understanding of textbooks as a pedagogical tool changed during the late Sixties in Italy. Even though it is renown that textbooks can be valuable historical sources, we can also consider the absence of textbooks as a source itself to understand a cultural atmosphere and a specific pedagogical view. As a matter of fact, there have been times and places in which textbooks were not recognized as effective pedagogical tools and were consequently rejected by many teachers. In Italy, an emblematic case was that of the MCE (Cooperative Education Association), an association of teachers born in the Fifties and addressed by the famous writer Gianni Rodari as the most progressive Italian pedagogical association at the time. Teachers of the Association believed that textbooks were ideological instruments which prevented children from exercising critical thinking and creative skills. Mario Lodi, one of the most relevant MCE members, wrote that there had been an attempt by MCE teachers to improve textbooks, an attempt unsupported by historical evidence so far. However, the study of the correspondence and the documentation from the Giulio Einaudi Editore Historical Archive has given proof of an unpublished MCE project of textbooks for the elementary school. Dating back to year 1966, the project enlisted the collaboration of many members of the publishing house and relevant members of the Association, including Mario Lodi himself, Giuseppe Tamagnini and Bruno Ciari, with the participation of Gianni Rodari as well. It consisted of three different collections: two for the children – one of which, the “Biblioteca di Lavoro”, was meant to help the children focus on their own experiences, learn how to edit and assemble documents, and make reports – and one for the teacher, which showed how to lead the students in a collective work, following the interests of each of them in spite of the topic given by the teacher. As mentioned above, these collections remained unpublished, as Einaudi decided to abandon the project for financial reasons. Yet, had Einaudi, by any chance, decided to continue the project, he would no longer have found anyone willing to carry it forward, due to the many divisive contrasts, both political and ideological, inside the MCE, in the context of an increasingly heated political debate, with the wider circulation of left­wing policies and an ever­tighter link between school renewal, fight against authority and class struggle. The view of the Association consequently evolved: it was no longer enough to renew textbooks, but it was time to completely abolish them as they were instruments of repression. In conclusion, the documents preserved in the archives have allowed to discover an unfulfilled project, and the reasons for its end might have helped to clarify the pedagogical impact of the cultural and social movements of 1968, highlighting once more the relationship between education and politics.

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z