https://hdl.handle.net/10807/211 2026-10-25T14:22:02Z 2026-10-25T14:22:02Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/349116 2026-10-15T00:12:11Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Crime in rail-bound transit systems (subways, trains, and trams) Autori: SERENA FAVARIN Abstract: Rail-bound transit systems—such as subways, trains, and trams—are essential to urban mobility but are also settings for various crimes, including public order offenses (e.g., graffiti, fare evasion), property crimes (e.g., theft, pickpocketing), and violent acts (e.g., assault, robbery). These offences affect both passengers and staff, with certain populations—such as women, ethnic minorities, and individuals with disabilities—being especially vulnerable. Victimisation patterns are shaped by individual, station-level, and environmental factors, including design features (e.g., underpasses, poor lighting), station location (e.g., central hubs, terminal stations), and surrounding conditions (e.g., disadvantaged neighbourhoods). Rail systems may also become targets for terrorism and metal theft. Preventive strategies include CCTV, transit police, CPTED-based design, and body-worn cameras. Staff presence plays a crucial role in deterrence and reassurance. Ensuring the safety of rail-bound transport remains critical to promoting equitable access and maintaining public confidence in transit systems.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/348357 2026-10-14T14:22:26Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Public transportation and transit safety in Italy, Europe Autori: Favarin, Serena; Axinte, Lorena Andreea Abstract: Italy's public transport system, though extensive and diverse, faces persistent challenges related to safety, crime, and perceived insecurity. While urban networks are dense and interconnected, issues such as vandalism, pickpocketing, and harassment—particularly affecting women and vulnerable users—remain widespread. Surveys indicate low satisfaction and safety perceptions compared to European averages. Environmental and temporal factors, including poor lighting and isolation, further heighten fear among users. In response, recent policies integrate Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles, surveillance technologies such as CCTV and body-worn cameras, and staff training in de-escalation and self-defence. However, the absence of a unified national framework and limited adoption of data-driven approaches weaken overall effectiveness. Ensuring both actual and perceived safety remains central to restoring public confidence and promoting sustainable mobility in Italy.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/347544 2026-09-26T00:10:14Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Istruzione e sviluppo economico Autori: Cottini, Elena; Ghinetti, Paolo

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10807/345836 2026-09-06T00:31:03Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Titolo: Spanish flu Autori: Enrico Berbenni; Stefano Colombo Abstract: The Spanish flu was one of the most devastating pandemics. Occurring between 1918 and 1920, the Spanish flu spread around the world in a short period of time. The climax of the pandemic, which was reached simultaneously in all affected countries, occurred between October and November 1918. The disease was caused by an H1N1 virus, which was later identified as the culprit in 1933. Millions of people died worldwide in successive waves, to the point that historiography has not yet been able to provide precise estimates. Like all pandemics, it had different impacts depending on various circumstances, such as the country involved, age groups, and gender. Studies also show that it may have had long-term effects on human capital accumulation and economic growth. This entry discusses the genesis, spread, and impacts of the Spanish flu.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z